Wastewater

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xii

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2. Introduction and Background

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Wastewater: Economic Asset in an Urbanizing World

      • Dennis Wichelns, Pay Drechsel, Manzoor Qadir

      Pages 3-14

   3. Global Wastewater and Sludge Production, Treatment and Use

      • Javier Mateo-Sagasta, Liqa Raschid-Sally, Anne Thebo

      Pages 15-38

   4. Health Risks and Cost-Effective Health Risk Management in Wastewater Use Systems

      • Bernard Keraita, Pay Drechsel, Javier Mateo-Sagasta, Kate Medlicott

      Pages 39-54

   5. Environmental Risks and Cost-Effective Risk Management in Wastewater Use Systems

      • Manzoor Qadir, Javier Mateo-Sagasta, Blanca Jiménez, Christina Siebe, Jan Siemens, Munir A. Hanjra

      Pages 55-72

3. Socio-economics of Wastewater Use

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 73-73

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   2. Social and Cultural Dimensions in Wastewater Use

      • Pay Drechsel, Olfa Mahjoub, Bernard Keraita

      Pages 75-92

   3. Policy and Institutional Determinants of Wastewater Use in Agriculture

      • Dennis Wichelns, Manzoor Qadir

      Pages 93-112

   4. Assessing the Finance and Economics of Resource Recovery and Reuse Solutions Across Scales

      • Munir A. Hanjra, Pay Drechsel, Javier Mateo-Sagasta, Miriam Otoo, Francesc Hernández-Sancho

      Pages 113-136

4. Costs and Benefits

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 137-137

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   2. Wastewater Use in Agriculture: Challenges in Assessing Costs and Benefits

      • Pay Drechsel, George Danso, Manzoor Qadir

      Pages 139-152

   3. Costs and Benefits of Using Wastewater for Aquifer Recharge

      • Manzoor Qadir, Eline Boelee, Priyanie Amerasinghe, George Danso

      Pages 153-167

   4. Economics of Water Reuse for Industrial, Environmental, Recreational and Potable Purposes

      • Miriam Otoo, Javier Mateo-Sagasta, Ganesha Madurangi

      Pages 169-192

5. Thinking Business

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 193-193

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   2. Business Models and Economic Approaches Supporting Water Reuse

      • Krishna Rao, Munir A. Hanjra, Pay Drechsel, George Danso

      Pages 195-216

   3. Business Models and Economic Approaches for Recovering Energy from Wastewater and Fecal Sludge

      • Solomie Gebrezgabher, Krishna Rao, Munir A. Hanjra, Francesc Hernández-Sancho

      Pages 217-245

   4. Business Models and Economic Approaches for Nutrient Recovery from Wastewater and Fecal Sludge

      • Miriam Otoo, Pay Drechsel, Munir A. Hanjra

      Pages 247-268

6. Outlook

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 269-269

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   2. Transforming Urban Wastewater into an Economic Asset: Opportunities and Challenges

      • Munir A. Hanjra, Pay Drechsel, Dennis Wichelns, Manzoor Qadir

      Pages 271-278

The books provides a timely analysis in support of a paradigm shift in the field of wastewater management, from ‘treatment for disposal’ to ‘treatment for reuse’ by offering a variety of value propositions for water, nutrient and energy recovery which can support cost savings, cost recovery, and profits, in a sector that traditionally relies on public funding. The book provides new insights into the economics of wastewater use, applicable to developed and developing countries striving to transform wastewater from an unpleasant liability to a valuable asset and recasting urbanization from a daunting challenge into a resource recovery opportunity.

“It requires business thinking to transform septage and sewage into valuable products. A must read for water scholars, policy makers, practitioners, and entrepreneurs". Guy Hutton, Senior Economist, Water and Sanitation Program, Water Global Practice, World Bank 

“This book provides compelling evidence and real solutions for the new ‘resource from waste’ approach that is transforming sanitation, boosting livelihoods, and strengthening urban resilience”. Christopher Scott, Professor and Distinguished Scholar, University of Arizona 

“This book shows how innovative business thinking and partnerships around resource recovery and reuse fit well within an inclusive green economy and climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies”. Akiça Bahri, Coordinator of the African Water Facility, Tunisia, and award-winning researcher

• Business models
• Cost recovery
• Energy and nutrient recovery
• Faecal sludge reuse
• Resource recovery and reuse
• Wastewater use, water reuse, water reclamation
• water quality and water pollution

“It requires business thinking to transform septage and sewage into valuable products. A must read for water scholars, policy makers, practitioners, and entrepreneurs". Guy Hutton, Senior Economist, Water and Sanitation Program, Water Global Practice, World Bank 

“This book provides compelling evidence and real solutions for the new ‘resource from waste’ approach that is transforming sanitation, boosting livelihoods, and strengthening urban resilience”. Christopher Scott, Professor and Distinguished Scholar, University of Arizona 

“This book shows how innovative business thinking and partnerships around resource recovery and reuse fit well within an inclusive green economy and climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies”. Akiça Bahri, Coordinator of the African Water Facility, Tunisia, and award-winning researcher

• Int. Water Management Institute (IWMI), Colombo, Sri Lanka

  Pay Drechsel

• United Nations University Institute for Water, Env. and Health, Hamilton, Canada

  Manzoor Qadir

• Agricultural Water Management, Bloomington, USA

  Dennis Wichelns

Pay Drechsel is a trained environmental scientist working since 20 years in the domain of applied natural resources management in developing countries. Pay has worked extensively on biophysical, social and economic aspects of safe wastewater use and the recovery of nutrients from solid and liquid waste for urban and peri-urban farming systems. After several years with the International Board for Soil Research and Management, Pay joined in 2001 the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) where he is currently leading the global Theme on ‘Resource Recovery, Water Quality and Health’. Under the IWMI-led CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems, Pay is coordinating the flagship program on ‘Recovering and Reusing Resources in Urbanizing Ecosystems’. Pay has worked extensively in West and East Africa, but also South and South-East Asia and is based at IWMI HQ in Sri Lanka. Manzoor Qadir is water and soil management scientist with focus on developing countries and interests in water recycling and safe and productive use of wastewater, water quality and environmental health, and amelioration of salt-induced land degradation. Manzoor has managed and implemented multidisciplinary projects and directed research teams in Central and West Asia and North Africa. Before joining the United Nations University – Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH) in Canada in 2012, Manzoor previously held professional positions as Senior Scientist jointly appointed by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Visiting Professor at the Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; and Associate Professor at the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. He is a fellow of the Alexander-von-Humboldt Foundation and serves on the Editorial Boards of several international journals. Dennis Wichelns is an agricultural and natural resource economist, with particular interests in water, irrigation, food security, and livelihoods. Dennis has served as a lecturer and researcher for many years, including a three-year assignment with the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) in Sri Lanka, from where he interacted regularly with colleagues and research partners across Asia and Africa. In the United States, Dennis has served as an economist with the California Water Institute and also with the Rivers Institute at Hanover College. Dennis serves currently as one of the editors of Agricultural Water Management and as chief editor of Water Resources & Rural Development.