Philosophy, Language, and Artificial Intelligence

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xii

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2. Philosophy and Natural-Language Processing

   1. Philosophy and Natural-Language Processing

      • Jack Kulas

      Pages 1-45

3. Prologue: Modes of Meaning

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 47-47

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   2. Utterer’s Meaning, Sentence-Meaning, and Word-Meaning

      • H. P. Grice

      Pages 49-66

4. Formal Syntax of Natural Language

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 67-67

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   2. Footloose and Context-Free

      • Geoffrey K. Pullum

      Pages 69-78

   3. Evidence Against the Context-Freeness of Natural Language

      • Stuart M. Shieber

      Pages 79-89

5. Semantic Aspects of Natural Language

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 91-91

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   2. Truth and Meaning

      • Donald Davidson

      Pages 93-111

   3. Semantics for Propositional Attitudes

      • Jaakko Hintikka

      Pages 113-137

6. Connecting Syntax with Semantics

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 139-139

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   2. The Proper Treatment of Quantification in Ordinary English

      • Richard Montague

      Pages 141-162

   3. Phrase Structure Grammar

      • Gerald Gazdar

      Pages 163-218

7. Natural Language and Logical Form

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 219-219

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   2. Quantifiers in Natural Languages: Some Logical Problems, I

      • Jaakko Hintikka

      Pages 221-240

   3. Generalized Quantifiers and Natural Language

      • Jon Barwise, Robin Cooper

      Pages 241-301

8. Possible-Worlds and Situation Semantics

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 303-303

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   2. From Worlds to Situations

      • John Perry

      Pages 305-329

   3. Possible Worlds and Situations

      • Robert Stalnaker

      Pages 331-345

9. Epilogue: From Semantics to Pragmatics

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 347-347

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This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information and data-processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and phi­ losophical psychology through issues in cognitive psychology and socio­ biology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual and epistemologi­ cal aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimental and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. Among the most challenging and difficult projects within the scope of artificial intelligence is the development and implementation of com­ puter programs suitable for processing natural language. Our purpose in compiling the present volume has been to contribute to the foundations of this enterprise by bringing together classic papers devoted to crucial problems involved in understanding natural language, which range from issues of formal syntax and logical form to those of possible-worlds and situation semantics. The book begins with a comprehensive introduc­ tion composed by Jack Kulas, the senior editor of this work, which pro­ vides a systematic orientation to this complex field, and ends with a selected bibliography intended to promote further research. If our efforts assist others in dealing with these problems, they will have been worthwhile. J. H. F.

• Prolog
• Syntax
• artificial intelligence
• grammar
• intelligence
• natural language
• philosophy
• semantics

• Department of Computer Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, USA

  Jack Kulas

• Department of Philosophy and Humanities, University of Minnesota, Duluth, USA

  James H. Fetzer

• IBM AI Support Center, Palo Alto, USA

  Terry L. Rankin

Policies and ethics