Novel Phytoplankton Blooms

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XII

   PDF

2. Characterization of the “Brown Tide” Microalga

   1. Picoplankton Ultrastructure: A Decade of Preparation for the Brown Tide Alga, Aureococcus Anophagefferens

      • John McN. Sieburth, Paul W. Johnson

      Pages 1-21

   2. Autotrophic Picoplankton in Narragansett Bay and Their Interaction with Microplankton

      • Paul E. Hargraves, R. D. Vaillancourt, G. A. Jolly

      Pages 23-38

   3. Immunochemical Approaches to the Identification of the Ultraplankton: Assets and Limitations

      • Lisa Campbell, Lynda P. Shapiro, Elin M. Haugen, Lisa Morris

      Pages 39-56

   4. Photosynthetic Pigment Composition of the Brown Tide Alga: Unique Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Derivatives

      • Robert R. Bidigare

      Pages 57-75

   5. Absorption and Fluorescent Characteristics of the Brown Tide Chrysophyte Its Role on Light Reduction in Coastal Marine Environments

      • Charles S. Yentsch, David A. Phinney, Lynda P. Shapiro

      Pages 77-83

   6. Lipid Composition and Nutritional Value of the Brown Tide Alga Aureococcus anophagefferens

      • V. Monica Bricelj, Nicholas S. Fisher, James B. Guckert, Fu-Lin E. Chu

      Pages 85-100

   7. Dimethylsulfide Production and Marine Phytoplankton: An Additional Impact of Unusual Blooms

      • Maureen D. Keller, Wendy K. Bellows, Robert R. L. Guillard

      Pages 101-115

3. Occurence and Distribution of the “Brown Tide”

   1. The Spatial and Temporal Distribution of “Brown Tide” in Eastern Long Island

      • Robert Nuzzi, R. M. Waters

      Pages 117-137

   2. Primary Productivity and Growth Dynamics of the “Brown Tide” in Long Island Embayments

      • Elizabeth M. Cosper, Edward J. Carpenter, Matthew Cottrell

      Pages 139-158

   3. The 1985 ‘Brown-Tide’ and the Open Phytoplankton Niche in Narragansett Bay During Summer

      • Theodore J. Smayda, Tracy A. Villareal

      Pages 159-187

   4. Development and Distribution of a Brown-Water Algal Bloom in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey with Perspective on Resources and Other Red Tides in the Region

      • Paul S. Olsen

      Pages 189-212

   5. Immunofluorescent Detection of the Brown Tide Organism, Aureococcus Anophagefferens

      • Donald M. Anderson, David M. Kulis, Elizabeth M. Cosper

      Pages 213-228

4. Environmental Factors Influencing “Brown Tide” Blooms

   1. Role of Environmental Variables, Specifically Organic Compounds and Micronutrients, in the Growth of the Chrysophyte Aureococcus Anophagefferens

      • Susan Dzurica, Cindy Lee, Elizabeth M. Cosper, Edward J. Carpenter

      Pages 229-252

   2. Brown Tide Bioassay: Growth of Aureococcus Anophagefferens Hargraves Et Sieburth in Various Known Toxicants

      • Richard L. Steele, Lorraine C. Wright, Gregory A. Tracey, Glen B. Thursby

      Pages 253-264

   3. Trophic Interactions Between Nano- and Microzooplankton and the “Brown Tide”

      • David A. Caron, Ee Lin Lim, Holly Kunze, Elizabeth M. Cosper, Donald M. Anderson

      Pages 265-294

   4. The Case for Meteorologically Driven Fluctuations in Residence Times of Long Island Waters Subject to Algal Blooms

      • Mário E. C. Vieira

      Pages 295-305

   5. Brown Tide Dynamics as a Catastrophe Model

      • Edward J. Beltrami

      Pages 307-315

   6. An Examination of the Environmental Factors Important to Initiating and Sustaining “Brown Tide” Blooms

      • Elizabeth M. Cosper, William Dennison, Allen Milligan, Edward J. Carpenter, Cindy Lee, John Holzapfel et al.

      Pages 317-340

5. Other Unusual Microalgal Blooms

   1. The Null Case of the Paradox of the Plankton

      • Lawrence B. Slobodkin

      Pages 341-348

A massive phytoplankton bloom, locally termed "brown tide", suddenly appeared in Long Island marine bays in 1985, colored the water a dark brown, decimated eelgrass beds and caused catastrophic starvation and recruitment failure of commercially important bay scallop populations. These "brown tide" blooms, caused by a very small, previously undescribed chrysophyte alga, have directly affected the estuarine environments of three northeastern American states: Rhode Island, New York and New Jersey. other phytoplankton blooms such as "red tides" caused by dinoflagellates and "green tides" from chlorophytes as well as blue-green algae blooms have long been recognized and studied world wide, however, the unusual nature of these "brown tide" blooms caught the interest of many people. Scientists were particularly intrigued by the discovery of a previously unknown microalga which provided the opportunity to learn more about small microalgae, picoplankters, which are usually ignored due to the difficulty in identifying species. A symposium entitled, "Novel Phytoplankton Blooms: Causes and Impacts of Recurrent Brown Tides and Other Unusual Blooms", was convened on October 27 and 28 at the State University of New York at Stony Brook on Long Island, with 220 registrants and nearly 50 scientific papers presented by researchers from the united States as well as Europe. The conference documented unusual bloom occurrences of recent and past years on a worldwide basis as well as northeast regional recurrences of the previously unknown "brown tide" blooms.

• biomonitoring
• ecology
• environment
• environmental management
• growth
• nutrition
• photosynthesis
• phytoplankton
• plankton
• ecotoxicology

• Marine Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Stony Brook, USA

  Elizabeth M. Cosper, V. M. Bricelj, E. J. Carpenter

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