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Hate Speech in Social Media

Linguistic Approaches

  • Book
  • © 2023

Overview

Editors:
  1. Isabel Ermida

    1. University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

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  • Includes an international cast of contributors who have built and studied a large bilingual corpus

  • Addresses a range of topics pertaining to hate speech and affective or offensive language

  • Identifies hate speech based on the presence or absence of certain factors in the discourse

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Table of contents (14 chapters)

  1. Front Matter

    Pages i-xx
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  2. Introduction: Online Hate Speech—Object, Approaches, Issues

    1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1
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    2. Building and Analysing an Online Hate Speech Corpus: The NETLANG Experience and Beyond

      • Isabel Ermida
      Pages 3-34

    3. Distinguishing Online Hate Speech from Aggressive Speech: A Five-Factor Annotation Model

      • Isabel Ermida
      Pages 35-75

  3. Structural Patterns in Hate Speech

    1. Front Matter

      Pages 77-77
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    2. Improving NLP Techniques by Integrating Linguistic Input to Detect Hate Speech in CMC Corpora

      • Idalete Dias, Filipa Pereira
      Pages 79-105

    3. First-Person Verbal Aggression in YouTube Comments

      • Ylva Biri, Laura Hekanaho, Minna Palander-Collin
      Pages 107-137

    4. Emotional Deixis in Online Hate Speech

      • Joana Aguiar, Pilar Barbosa
      Pages 139-164

    5. Derogatory Linguistic Mechanisms in Danish Online Hate Speech

      • Eckhard Bick
      Pages 165-202

  4. Lexical and Rhetorical Strategies in the Expression of Hate Speech

    1. Front Matter

      Pages 203-203
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    2. Humorous Use of Figurative Language in Religious Hate Speech

      • Liisi Laineste, Władysław Chłopicki
      Pages 205-227

    3. Rhetorical Questions as Conveyors of Hate Speech

      • Vahid Parvaresh, Gemma Harvey
      Pages 229-251

    4. Enabling Concepts in Hate Speech: The Function of the Apartheid Analogy in Antisemitic Online Discourse About Israel

      • Matthew Bolton, Matthias J. Becker, Laura Ascone, Karolina Placzynta
      Pages 253-286

    5. Hate Speech in Poland in the Context of the War in Ukraine

      • Lucyna Harmon
      Pages 287-308

  5. The Interactional Dimension of Hate Speech: Negotiating, Stance-Taking, Countering

    1. Front Matter

      Pages 309-309
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    2. Stance-Taking and Gender: Hateful Representations of Portuguese Women Public Figures in the NETLANG Corpus

      • Rita Faria
      Pages 311-339

    3. Negotiating Hate and Conflict in Online Comments: Evidence from the NETLANG Corpus

      • Jan Chovanec
      Pages 341-367

    4. Linguistic Markers of Affect and the Gender Dimension in Online Hate Speech

      • Kristina Pahor de Maiti, Jasmin Franza, Darja Fišer
      Pages 369-396

    5. Counteracting Homophobic Discourse in Internet Comments: Fuelling or Mediating Conflict?

      • Jūratė Ruzaitė
      Pages 397-430

  6. Back Matter

    Pages 431-443
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Keywords

About this book

This edited book offers insight into the linguistic construction of prejudice and discrimination in social media. Drawing on the outputs of a three-year research project, NETLANG, involving scholars from five European countries (Portugal, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland and Poland), as well as on external contributions from participants in the project’s final conference, the collection brings together a variety of linguistic approaches to the study of online hate speech, ranging from pragmatic to syntactic, morphological, and lexical analyses, with a considerable focus on Natural Language Processing and Corpus Linguistics. Data from English, Portuguese, Danish, Lithuanian, Persian, Polish, and Slovenian are examined, along with various geopolitical contexts for hate speech, especially anti-refugee and anti-immigrant discourse. The authors explore a continuum of overt to covert textual data, namely: (i) structural elements, such as syntactic and morphological patterns which recur throughout the texts; (ii) lexical and stylistic elements, revealing the often implicit ways in which vocabulary choices and rhetorical devices signal the expression of hate; and (iii) interactional elements, concerning the pragmatic relationships established in online communicative exchanges. The chapters cover numerous types of prejudice, such as sexism, racism, nationalism, antisemitism, religious intolerance, ageism, and homo/transphobia. The book will be of interest to an academic readership in Linguistics, Media Studies, Communication Studies, and Social Sciences.

Editors and Affiliations

  • University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

    Isabel Ermida

About the editor

Isabel Ermida is Professor of Linguistics at the Department of English Studies, University of Minho, Portugal. She has dedicated her research to the pragmatic analysis of forms of indirectness and implicitness in language, with a key interest in humour, on which she has published extensively (The Language of Comic Narratives, 2008; Language and Humour in the Media, co-edited, 2012). Her latest work explores the language of hate speech, focusing on the expression of power and the ideological construction of identity and belonging. Drawing on impoliteness studies and speech act scholarship, she has analysed the prejudiced and discriminatory representation of social variables such as gender, nationality, ethnicity, age, and social class in public discourse. Her latest international financed project (NETLANG) delves into the language of hate speech on social media.

Bibliographic Information

  • Book Title: Hate Speech in Social Media

  • Book Subtitle: Linguistic Approaches

  • Editors: Isabel Ermida

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38248-2

  • Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan Cham

  • eBook Packages: Social Sciences, Social Sciences (R0)

  • Copyright Information: The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023

  • Hardcover ISBN: 978-3-031-38247-5Published: 13 December 2023

  • Softcover ISBN: 978-3-031-38250-5Due: 27 December 2024

  • eBook ISBN: 978-3-031-38248-2Published: 12 December 2023

  • Edition Number: 1

  • Number of Pages: XX, 443

  • Number of Illustrations: 23 b/w illustrations, 31 illustrations in colour

  • Topics: Applied Linguistics, Social Media, Social Sciences, general, Psychotherapy and Counseling

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