Fertility Transition in the Developing World

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xi

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2. Fertility Trends in the Developing World, 1950–2020

   • John Bongaarts, Dennis Hodgson

   Pages 1-14Open Access

3. Country Fertility Transition Patterns

   • John Bongaarts, Dennis Hodgson

   Pages 15-27Open Access

4. Transitions in Individual Reproductive Behavior and Preferences

   • John Bongaarts, Dennis Hodgson

   Pages 29-49Open Access

5. Socio-Economic Determinants of Fertility

   • John Bongaarts, Dennis Hodgson

   Pages 51-62Open Access

6. Controversies Surrounding Fertility Policies

   • John Bongaarts, Dennis Hodgson

   Pages 63-83Open Access

7. Does Fertility Decline Stimulate Development?

   • John Bongaarts, Dennis Hodgson

   Pages 85-95Open Access

8. The Impact of Voluntary Family Planning Programs on Contraceptive Use, Fertility, and Population

   • John Bongaarts, Dennis Hodgson

   Pages 97-122Open Access

9. The Developing World’s Fertility Transition: 2000–2020

   • John Bongaarts, Dennis Hodgson

   Pages 123-139Open Access

10. Conclusion

    • John Bongaarts, Dennis Hodgson

    Pages 141-144Open Access

This open access book provides an overview and analysis of the causes and consequences of the massive and highly consequential transition in reproductive behaviour that occurred in Asia, Latin America, and Africa since the mid-20th century. In the 1950s contraceptive use was rare and women typically spend most of their reproductive years bearing and rearing children. By 2020 fertility and contraceptive use in Asia and Latin America reached levels commonly observed in the developed world. Africa’s fertility is still high, but transitions have started in all countries. This monograph is the first to provide a comprehensive analysis of these trends and their determinants, covering changes in reproductive behaviour (e.g., use of contraception and abortion), preferences (e.g., desire to limit and space births) and the role of socioeconomic development (e.g., education). The role of government policies and in particular family planning programs is discussed in depth. Particular attention is given to provide a balanced assessment of several political and scientific controversies that have beset the field. As such this book provides an interesting read for a wide audience of undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and public health policy makers.

• Open Access
• Fertility transition
• Developing world
• Determinants of fertility
• Family planning programs
• Population policies
• Fertility policies
• Fertility trends
• Fertility decline
• Fertility preferences
• Socio-economic determinants in fertility decline
• Demographic transition
• Impact of population policies
• Political controversy over population policy
• Reproductive behaviour transition

• The Population Council, New York, USA

  John Bongaarts

• Department of Socio & Anthro, Fairfield University, Fairfield, USA

  Dennis Hodgson

John Bongaarts is a Distinguished Scholar of the Population Council where he has been employed since 1973. He holds a Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering from the University of Illinois and was a Post-Doctoral Fellow in Population Dynamics at the John’s Hopkins School of Public Health. Bongaarts’ research has focused on a range of population and public health issues, including population projections, determinants of fertility and mortality, the impact of family planning programs and population policy options in both the developed and developing world. He has published over 250 papers, chapters and books. Honors include the Robert J. Lapham Award and the Mindel Sheps Award from the Population Association of America, and the Research Career Development Award from the National Institutes of Health.  He is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences and is a Laureate of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population.

Dennis Hodgson is Emeritus Professor of Sociology at Fairfield University where he taught from 1976 until 2014. He has been on the editorial committee of Population and Development Review from 2010 through 2021. He holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from Cornell University where he was a student in its International Population Program from 1969 until 1976.  Hodgson’s research has focused on understanding the relationship of population trends to the development of population theory and policy.  He has published a number of articles analysing the post-WWII period when most demographers came to see the rapid growth of population in the developing world as a crisis in need of policy intervention.  He has also published articles on the role that population concerns have played at various times in US history, from the 18th century through the early 20th century.