General-Purpose Graphics Processor Architectures

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xvii

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2. Introduction

   • Tor M. Aamodt, Wilson Wai Lun Fung, Timothy G. Rogers

   Pages 1-7

3. Programming Model

   • Tor M. Aamodt, Wilson Wai Lun Fung, Timothy G. Rogers

   Pages 9-20

4. The SIMT Core: Instruction and Register Data Flow

   • Tor M. Aamodt, Wilson Wai Lun Fung, Timothy G. Rogers

   Pages 21-66

5. Memory System

   • Tor M. Aamodt, Wilson Wai Lun Fung, Timothy G. Rogers

   Pages 67-84

6. Crosscutting Research on GPU Computing Architectures

   • Tor M. Aamodt, Wilson Wai Lun Fung, Timothy G. Rogers

   Pages 85-101

7. Back Matter

   Pages 103-122

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Originally developed to support video games, graphics processor units (GPUs) are now increasingly used for general-purpose (non-graphics) applications ranging from machine learning to mining of cryptographic currencies. GPUs can achieve improved performance and efficiency versus central processing units (CPUs) by dedicating a larger fraction of hardware resources to computation. In addition, their general-purpose programmability makes contemporary GPUs appealing to software developers in comparison to domain-specific accelerators. This book provides an introduction to those interested in studying the architecture of GPUs that support general-purpose computing. It collects together information currently only found among a wide range of disparate sources. The authors led development of the GPGPU-Sim simulator widely used in academic research on GPU architectures.

The first chapter of this book describes the basic hardware structure of GPUs and provides a brief overview of their history. Chapter 2 provides a summary of GPU programming models relevant to the rest of the book. Chapter 3 explores the architecture of GPU compute cores. Chapter 4 explores the architecture of the GPU memory system. After describing the architecture of existing systems, Chapters 3 and 4 provide an overview of related research. Chapter 5 summarizes cross-cutting research impacting both the compute core and memory system.

This book should provide a valuable resource for those wishing to understand the architecture of graphics processor units (GPUs) used for acceleration of general-purpose applications and to those who want to obtain an introduction to the rapidly growing body of research exploring how to improve the architecture of these GPUs.

• University of British Columbia, Canada

  Tor M. Aamodt

• Samsung Electronics, USA

  Wilson Wai Lun Fung

• Purdue University, USA

  Timothy G. Rogers

Tor M. Aamodt is a Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of British Columbia, where he has been a faculty member since 2006. His current research focuses on the architecture of general-purpose GPUs and energy-efficient computing, most recently including accelerators for machine learning. Along with students in his research group, he developed the widely used GPGPU-Sim simulator. Three of his papers have been selected as ""Top Picks"" by IEEE Micro Magazine, a fourth was selected as a ""Top Picks"" honorable mention. One of his papers was also selected as a ""Research Highlight"" in Communications of the ACM. He is in the MICRO Hall of Fame. He served as an Associate Editor for IEEE Computer Architecture Letters from 2012–2015 and the International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications from 2012-2016, was Program Chair for ISPASS 2013, General Chair for ISPASS 2014, and has served on numerous program committees. He was a Visiting Associate Professor in the Computer Science Department at Stanford University from 2012-2013. He was awarded an NVIDIA Academic Partnership Award in 2010, a NSERC Discovery Accelerator for 2016-2019, and a 2016 Google Faculty Research Award. Tor received his BASc (in Engineering Science), MASc, and Ph.D. at the University of Toronto. Much of his Ph.D. work was done while he was an intern at Intel's Microarchitecture Research Lab. Subsequently, he worked at NVIDIA on the memory system architecture (""framebuffer"") of GeForce 8 Series GPU–the first NVIDIA GPU to support CUDA. Tor is registered as a Professional Engineer in the province of British Columbia.Wilson Wai Lun Fung is an architect in Advanced Computing Lab (ACL) as part of Samsung Austin R & D Center (SARC) at Samsung Electronics, where he contributes to the development of a next generation GPU IP. He is interested in both theoretical and practical aspects of computer architecture. Wilson is a winner of the NVIDIA Graduate Fellowship, the NSERC Postgraduate Scholarship, and the NSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship. Wilson was one of the main contributors to the widely used GPGPU-Sim simulator. Two of his papers were selected as a ""Top Pick"" from computer architecture by IEEE Micro Magazine. Wilson received his BASc (in Computer Engineering), MASc, and Ph.D. at the University of British Columbia. During his Ph.D., Wilson interned at NVIDIA.
Timothy G. Rogers is an Assistant Professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering department at Purdue University, where his research focuses on massively multithreaded processor design. He is interested in exploring computer systems and architectures that improve both programmer productivity and energy efficiency. Timothy is a winner of the NVIDIA Graduate Fellowship and the NSERC Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarship. His work has been selected as a ""Top Pick"" from computer architecture by IEEE Micro Magazine and as a ""Research Highlight"" in Communications of the ACM. During his Ph.D., Timothy interned at NVIDIA Research and AMD Research. Prior to attending graduate school, Timothy worked as a software engineer at Electronic Arts and received his BEng in Electrical Engineering from McGill University.