The Evolution of Illicit Flows

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xi

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2. Introduction to “The Evolution of Illicit Flows: Displacement and Convergence Among Transnational Crime”

   • Ernesto U. Savona, Rob T. Guerette, Alberto Aziani

   Pages 1-5

3. Concepts, Theories, History, and Perspectives

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 7-7

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   2. The Displacement and Convergence of Transnational Crime Flows

      • Rob T. Guerette, Alberto Aziani

      Pages 9-25

   3. Trafficking in the Mediterranean World: A Historical Perspective

      • Sasha D. Pack

      Pages 27-40

   4. Human Smuggling in the Mediterranean: A Comparative Analysis of the Central and Eastern Mediterranean Smuggling Routes

      • Luigi Achilli

      Pages 41-55

   5. Global Cocaine Flows, Geographical Displacement, and Crime Convergence

      • Tim Boekhout van Solinge

      Pages 57-81

4. Topical Analyses in Convergence and Displacement of Transnational Crimes

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 83-83

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   2. Human Smuggling in North Africa: A Preliminary Exploration of Macro- and Micro-level Displacement Effects

      • Paolo Campana

      Pages 85-101

   3. Displacement of Human Smuggling: An Exploratory Analysis of the Effects of Law 82/2016 in Egypt

      • Gianluca A. Bertoni, Alberto Aziani

      Pages 103-123

   4. Can Migration Flows Be Controlled? The Effects of the Italian 2017–2018 Policy Against Illegal Immigration

      • Martina E. Marchesi

      Pages 125-147

   5. Does Human Smuggling Converge with Other Transnational Crimes in North Africa and the Mediterranean Area?

      • Marina Mancuso, Francesca Maldi

      Pages 149-172

   6. Structure and Evolution of Drug Trafficking Networks in North Africa: The Impact of Rule of Law and Corruption

      • Cecilia Meneghini

      Pages 173-192

5. Implications, Current Trends and Future Directions

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 193-193

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   2. Human Trafficking in the MENA Region: Trends and Perspectives

      • Carlos Manuel Abaunza

      Pages 195-214

   3. Future Directions in the Study of Displacement and Convergence Among Transnational Crime Flows

      • Alberto Aziani, Rob T. Guerette

      Pages 215-230

6. Back Matter

   Pages 231-235

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This book focuses on the displacement and convergence of transnational crimes in North Africa and in the area of the Mediterranean Sea, providing empirical analysis of human smuggling and of drug trafficking. It discusses the displacement of crime due to the exploitation of asymmetries in legislation, law enforcement, and other vulnerabilities.

Using an innovative multimethodology, this volume describes the evolution of illicit flows related to human smuggling and trafficking of illicit goods. This approach helps to provide critical information such as traffickers’ modi operandi, most exploited paths, and trafficked goods, that would not be achievable through more traditional methods.

The Evolution of Illicit Flows will be a valuable resource for scholars and researchers of criminology and migration studies, as well as for policymakers and law enforcement working in transnational crimes and trafficking.

• Transnational Crime
• Transnational Illicit Flows
• Drug Trafficking
• Human Trafficking
• Human Smuggling
• Irregular Migration
• Migration Flows
• Convergence
• Network Reconstruction
• Organized Crime
• Political Instability
• Enforcement Interventions

• Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and Transcrime, Milan, Italy

  Ernesto U. Savona, Alberto Aziani

• Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida International University, Miami, USA

  Rob T. Guerette

Ernesto U. Savona is Director of Transcrime, Professor of Criminology at the Università Cattolica, and Editor in Chief of the European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. He was also nominated President of the European Society of Criminology for the years 2003/2004. He has been consultant to the United Nations, Council of Europe (where he was appointed one of the seven members of the Scientific and Criminological Council in 1996), the European Union, and various national governments. From 1990 to 1994, he was visiting fellow and project director at the National Institute of Justice, Research Centre of the U.S. Dept. of Justice, Washington, D.C., where he was manager of two projects on organized crime and international money laundering. 

Rob T. Guerette is Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice in the Steven J. Green School for International and Public Affairs at Florida International University (FIU). He has published extensively in the areas of transnational crime, program and policy evaluation, and crime pattern analysis for crime prevention. In addition to his work analyzing domestic crime patterns, his research has focused on human smuggling and kidnapping for ransom. He was a Fellow at the Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University, and a U.S. Fulbright Specialist to Iceland in 2021.

Alberto Aziani is Assistant Professor of Criminology at the Faculty of Political and Social Sciences at Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Milan and Researcher at Transcrime. His main research interests are organized crime and illicit markets. On these topics, he has conducted studies and developed projects for international organizations and funding institutions. He cooperates with the UN and the EC in research projects related to illicit drug trafficking and money laundering.