The Minnesota Code Manual of Electrocardiographic Findings

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xiii

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2. What Is the Electrocardiogram or ECG?

   Pages 1-5

3. ECG Leads

   Pages 6-9

4. Measuring Devices

   Pages 10-15

5. Q-QS Waves (1-Codes)

   Pages 16-48

6. Frontal Plane QRS Axis (2-Codes)

   Pages 49-54

7. High R–Waves (3–Codes)

   Pages 55-59

8. ST Segment Depression (4-Codes) and Negative T-Waves (5-Codes)

   Pages 60-97

9. Atrioventricular (A–V) Conduction Defects (6-Codes)

   Pages 98-110

10. Intraventricular Conduction Defects (7-Codes)

    Pages 111-133

11. Arrhythmias, 8-Codes

    Pages 134-158

12. Miscellaneous Codes (9-Codes)

    Pages 159-186

13. Exact Measurements

    Pages 187-202

14. Coding the Whole ECG

    Pages 203-205

15. ECG Data Acquisition Procedures and Maintenance of Recording Quality Including Technician Training

    Pages 206-225

16. Criteria for Significant Electrocardiographic Change

    Pages 226-262

17. ECG Indices that Add to Independent Prognostication for Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes

    Pages 263-269

18. Quality Control of Visual and Electronic Coding

    Pages 270-276

19. Back Matter

    Pages 277-328

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The manual is suitable for training electrocardio- without digital recording and that are accompanied graphers and technicians and can be accompanied by other uniquely rich data. Despite my expectations by sets of training ECGs already coded by trainers. during the 1960s that such archives would cease to It is our expectation that the manual will serve as a be used after the introduction of digital recording, reference, guide, and training source for those con- the tide of such treasures has hardly ebbed. ducting studies that require objective evidence of The changes included in this edition arise from cardiac disease, both prevalent and incident, by non- more than a quarter of a century of directing central invasive, highly standardized, inexpensive record- ECG reading and research centers and collectively ing of the electrocardiogram. In our own ECG Read- 60+ large and small epidemiologic studies and m- ing Center, this has included epidemiologic studies ticenter national and international clinical trials. The among healthy populations, diabetics, psychiatric changes include the description of a new measuring patients, pregnant women, cohorts of patients with loupe in Chap. 3, developed over the past decade, to clinical heart disease, populations exposed to envi- better serve a more ef? cient and a more extensive ronmental contaminants such as arsenic, populations span for measurement of relevant durations, voltages, exposed to Chagas disease, and in clinical trials of and deviations from the isoelectric line. In Chap.

• Electrocardiographic
• cardiovascular
• electrocardiogram (ECG)
• necrosis
• vascular disease

• School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, USA

  Ronald J. Prineas, Zhu-Ming Zhang

• University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA

  Richard S. Crow