The Carbonic Anhydrases

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xviii

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2. The Carbonic Anhydrase Isozymes

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. The Carbonic Anhydrases

      • Susanna J. Dodgson

      Pages 3-14

   3. Structure and Evolutionary Origins of the Carbonic Anhydrase Multigene Family

      • David Hewett-Emmett, Richard E. Tashian

      Pages 15-32

   4. X-Ray Crystallographic Studies of Carbonic Anhydrase Isozymes I, II, and III

      • A. Elisabeth Eriksson, Anders Liljas

      Pages 33-48

   5. Carbonic Anhydrase Kinetics and Molecular Function

      • Raja G. Khalifah, David N. Silverman

      Pages 49-70

   6. Carbonic Anhydrases in Mammalian Cell Culture and Tumors

      • Patrick J. Venta

      Pages 71-78

   7. Methods for the Measurement of Carbonic Anhydrase Activity

      • Robert E. Forster II

      Pages 79-98

3. Carbonic Anhydrase Analysis

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 99-99

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   2. Purification of the Carbonic Anhydrases

      • W. Richard Chegwidden

      Pages 101-118

   3. Techniques for Measuring Carbonic Anhydrase Activity in Vitro

      • Raymond P. Henry

      Pages 119-125

   4. Modified Micromethod for Assay of Carbonic Anhydrase Activity

      • Wolfgang Bruns, Gerolf Gros

      Pages 127-131

   5. Localization of Carbonic Anhydrase by Chemical Reactions

      • Yvonne Ridderstråle

      Pages 133-144

   6. Localization of the Carbonic Anhydrases by Immunocytochemistry

      • Carol V. Gay

      Pages 145-151

   7. Immunological Methods for Detection and Quantification of Carbonic Anhydrase Isozymes

      • Stephen Jeffery

      Pages 153-159

4. Carbonic Anhydrases in Clinical Medicine

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 161-161

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   2. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in Ophthalmology

      • Marianne E. Feitl, Theodore Krupin

      Pages 163-170

   3. The Eye

      • Erik A. Lippa

      Pages 171-181

   4. Carbonic Anhydrase II Deficiency Syndrome

      • William S. Sly

      Pages 183-193

5. Genetic Regulation of the Carbonic Anhydrase Isozymes

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 195-195

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As we approach the twenty-first century the problems of industrialization are evident: we find there is a greenhouse effect, the ozone layer is being depleted, the rain is acidified, and there is a terrible problem of increasing C0 concentrations in the atmo­ 2 sphere. The carbonic anhydrases are a unique family of enzymes that solve these problems in the human body: they are responsible for converting C0 (a gas) to 2 HC0-, which is the biggest intracellular buffer, with a concomitant decrease in a 3 hydroxyl ion. Globally, the functions of the carbonic anhydrases in photosynthesis in rain forests and in the algae and plankton that cover our oceans indicate that they are also of utmost importance in the maintenance of the acid-base balance on our planet. Although the whole field of C0 metabolism is enormous and still rapidly 2 expanding, because of the research interests of the editors this book is mainly concerned with mammalian carbonic anhydrases. However, if the interested reader intends to purify carbonic anhydrases from nonmammalian sources, Dr. Cheg­ widden has provided the necessary information in Chapter 7. The carbonic anhydrases were first discovered in 1933; until1976 there were thought to be only two isozymes. Since then CA ill, IY, V, VI, and Vll have been discovered and well characterized. There is, of course, no reason to believe that we have found them all.

• X-ray
• enzymes
• gene expression
• metabolism
• physiology
• skeletal muscle
• tissue

• Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA

  Susanna J. Dodgson

• Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA

  Richard E. Tashian

• Zentrum Physiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover 61, Federal Republic of Germany

  Gerolf Gros

• Department of Child Health, St. George’s Hospital Medical School, University of London, London, UK

  Nicholas D. Carter

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