The Basal Forebrain

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-ix

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2. Anatomy of the Basal Forebrain and Related Structures

   1. Piecing together the Puzzle of Basal Forebrain Anatomy

      • Lennart Heimer, George F. Alheid

      Pages 1-42

   2. Afferents to Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection Neurons: An Update

      • Lászlo Záborszky, William E. Cullinan, Alex Braun

      Pages 43-100

   3. γ-Aminobutyric Acid and µ-Opioid Receptor Localization and Adaptation in the Basal Forebrain

      • Lynn Churchill, Andrea Bourdelais, Mark Austin, Daniel S. Zahm, Peter W. Kalivas

      Pages 101-117

   4. Calcium-Binding Protein (Calbindin D-28k) Immunoreactive Neurons in the Basal Forebrain of the Monkey and the Rat: Relationship with the Cholinergic Neurons

      • Howard T. Chang, Hui Kuo

      Pages 119-126

   5. Glutamate-Like Immunoreactivity is Present within Cholinergic Neurons of the Laterodorsal Tegmental and Pedunculopontine Nuclei

      • J. R. Clements, D. D. Toth, D. A. Highfield, S. J. Grant

      Pages 127-142

3. Electrophysiology and Pharmacology of Basal Forebrain Neurons

   1. Electrophysiologic Characteristics of Basal Forebrain Neurons in vitro

      • William H. Griffith, Joan A. Sim, Robert T. Matthews

      Pages 143-155

   2. Substance P Excites Cultured Cholinergic Neurons in the Basal Forebrain

      • Yasuko Nakajima, Peter R. Stanfield, Kazuhiko Yamaguchi, Shigehiro Nakajima

      Pages 157-167

   3. Neuromodulatory Actions of Dopamine and Cholecystokinin in the Ventral Striatum

      • Conrad Chi-Yiu Yim, Lisa Sheehy, Gordon Mogenson

      Pages 169-182

   4. Is Dopamine a Neurotransmitter within the Ventral Pallidum/Substantia Innominata?

      • T. Celeste Napier, Mary Beth Muench, Renata J. Maslowski, George Battaglia

      Pages 183-195

   5. The Cholinergic Basal Forebrain: A Critical Role in Cortical Arousal

      • Kazue Semba

      Pages 197-218

   6. Basal Forebrain Modulation of Cortical Cell Activity During Conditioning

      • James Pirch, Greg Rigdon, Hubert Rucker, Kathy Turco

      Pages 219-231

   7. Electrophysiological Studies of the Functions of the Nucleus Basalis in Primates

      • Russell T. Richardson, Mahlon R. DeLong

      Pages 233-252

   8. The Relationship between Learning, Memory and Neuronal Responses in the Primate Basal Forebrain

      • Fraser A. W. Wilson

      Pages 253-266

   9. The Contribution of Basal Forebrain to Limbic — Motor Integration and the Mediation of Motivation to Action

      • Gordon J. Mogenson, Charles R. Yang

      Pages 267-290

4. Functional and Pharmacologic Evaluations of Basal Forebrain Involvement with Locomotion, Reward and Cognition

   1. Functional Output of the Basal Forebrain

      • George F. Koob, Neal R. Swerdlow, Franco Vaccarino, Carol Hubner, Luigi Pulvirenti, Friedbert Weiss

      Pages 291-305

   2. Effect of Gabaergic and Glutamatergic Drugs Injected into the Ventral Pallidum on Locomotor Activity

      • Lane J. Wallace, Norman J. Uretsky

      Pages 307-314

   3. Gabaergic and Enkephalinergic Regulation of Locomotion in the Ventral Pallidum: Involvement of the Mesolimbic Dopamine System

      • Peter W. Kalivas, Mark A. Klitenick, Hanni Hagler, Mark C. Austin

      Pages 315-326

   4. Pharmacology of Basal Forebrain Involvement in Reinforcement

      • Steven I. Dworkin, Linda J. Porrino, James E. Smith

      Pages 327-338

   5. Basal Forebrain Involvement in Self-Administration of Drugs of Abuse

      • Linda J. Porrino, Steven I. Dworkin, James E. Smith

      Pages 339-351

The basal forebrain has received considerable attention in recent years. This emphasis resulted from observations that the cortically projecting cholinergic neurons found in this region are critical for normal information processing. However, to achieve a complete understanding of such a complex function as "information processing" it is necessary to consider the basal forebrain not as an autonomous structure with a solitary task, but one that plays an integrative role; a structure that is connected intimately with many brain regions. This view evolved from the realization that the basal forebrain interfaces cognitive and reward functions with motor outputs. It is from this integrative and functional perspective that the present book was organized. The book is a unique collection of reports pertaining to the basal forebrain that encompasses a diversity of research approaches and techniques. It provides the reader with a progression of information that begins with anatomical descriptions of the afferent and efferent systems, stressing the integrative nature of various neurotransmitters located within the basal forebrain. The chapters focusing on anatomy are complemented by electrophysiologic studies that merge anatomical concepts with synaptic pharmacology and behavior. In vitro experiments demonstrate physiologic variations in anatomically identified neuronal subtypes and, together with in vivo techniques, provide pharmacologic descriptions of neuronal consequences to various neurotransmitter influences. Additional in vivo reports correlate changes in neuronal activity with specific motivational states and motor behaviors. These functional approaches culminate with behavioral studies that overview current understanding of basal forebrain involvement in mnemonic, reward,and motor processes.

• anatomy
• attention
• forebrain
• information processing
• neurons

• Loyola University of Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, USA

  T. Celeste Napier, Israel Hanin

• College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, USA

  Peter W. Kalivas

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