Fundamentals of Space Medicine

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xvii

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2. Introduction to Space Life Sciences

   • Gilles Clément

   Pages 1-44

3. Space Biology

   • Gilles Clément

   Pages 45-94

4. The Neuro-Sensory System in Space

   • Gilles Clément

   Pages 95-142

5. The Cardio-Vascular System in Space

   • Gilles Clément

   Pages 143-180

6. The Musculo-Skeletal System in Space

   • Gilles Clément

   Pages 181-216

7. Psychological Issues of Spaceflight

   • Gilles Clément

   Pages 217-255

8. Operational Space Medicine

   • Gilles Clément

   Pages 257-304

9. Life Support Systems

   • Gilles Clément

   Pages 305-340

10. An Investigator’s Guide

    • Gilles Clément

    Pages 341-370

11. Back Matter

    Pages 371-381

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Investigations in space have led to fundamental discoveries of the human body to the space environment. Gilles Clément has conducted extensive research in this field. This readable text presents the findings from the life science experiments conducted during and after space missions. About 1200 human space flights have been completed to date, including more than 500 astronauts from various countries, for a combined total presence in space of about 90 years. The first edition of this title was published in 2005 (written in 2003 – 2004), and new data is now available from crewmembers participating in long-duration flights on board the International Space Station (ISS). The number of astronauts who have spent six months in orbit has doubled since 2004. On board the ISS, the astronauts use newly developed pharmaceutical countermeasure for bone loss (such as biophosphonates) and state-of-the-art exercise resistive devices against muscle atrophy and cardiovascular deterioration. The ISS life support systems now use advanced closed-loop systems for meeting the needs of a 6-person crew, including recycling urine to water. Some of these new technologies have potential spin-offs for medical (i.e., sedentary life style, obesity) and environmental issues here on Earth. And finally, there are new space research opportunities with the Orion space vehicle that will soon replace the Space Shuttle, the Moon, and Mars space exploration program that is slowly but surely taking shape, and the space tourism sector that has become a reality. The focus on this edition is the ISS, Orion and planetary exploration, and space tourism. This edition also includes more than 20% new material, along with photographs, data, and video clips for Springer Extras!

• space biology
• space life sciences
• space medicine
• space physiology

• International Space University, Strasbourg, France

  Gilles Clément

Gilles Clément received Doctoral degrees in Neurobiology from the University of Lyon in 1981 and in Natural Science from the University of Paris in 1986. Dr. Clément is currently Professor of Space Life Sciences in International Space University (ISU), Strasbourg, France. Prior to this position, he was Director of Research from the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Toulouse, France. Research in space life sciences has been his primary focus with experiments on Salyut-7 (1982), MIR (1988), and on more than 25 Space Shuttle flights (1985 – present). His research topics include influence of microgravity on posture, eye movements, spatial orientation, and cognition in humans. To date, he gathered data on more than 100 astronauts, during and after space missions on the Space Shuttle and the International Space Station. Dr. Clément has written more than 100 peer-viewed research papers in scientific journals. His other books include Fundamentals of Space Biology (Springer, 2006), Artificial Gravity (Springer 2007), and Neuroscience in Space (Springer 2008).