Origins of Altruism and Cooperation

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xvi

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2. Introduction: Cooperation and Altruism

   • Robert W. Sussman, C. Robert Cloninger

   Pages 1-7

3. Cooperation, Altruism, and Human Evolution

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 9-9

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4. Cooperation, Altruism and Human Evolution

   1. Cooperation, Altruism, and Human Evolution: Introduction Part I

      • Ian Tattersall

      Pages 11-18

   2. The Influence of Predation on Primate and Early Human Evolution: Impetus for Cooperation

      • Donna Hart, Robert W. Sussman

      Pages 19-40

   3. Born to Cooperate? Altruism as Exaptation and the Evolution of Human Sociality

      • Telmo Pievani

      Pages 41-61

   4. The Phylogenesis of Human Personality: Identifying the Precursors of Cooperation, Altruism, and Well-Being

      • C. Robert Cloninger, Sita Kedia

      Pages 63-107

5. Altruism and Cooperation Among Nonhuman Primates

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 109-109

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6. Altruism and Cooperation Among Non-human Primates

   1. Cooperation and the Evolution of Social Living: Moving Beyond the Constraints and Implications of Misleading Dogma: Introduction Part II

      • Marc Bekoff

      Pages 111-119

   2. Primates, Niche Construction, and Social Complexity: The Roles of Social Cooperation and Altruism

      • Katherine C. MacKinnon, Agustín Fuentes

      Pages 121-143

   3. Collective Action and Male Affiliation in Howler Monkeys (Alouatta caraya)

      • Paul A. Garber, Martin K. Kowalewski

      Pages 145-165

   4. Mechanisms of Cohesion in Black Howler Monkeys

      • Mary S. M. Pavelka

      Pages 167-178

   5. Social Plasticity and Demographic Variation in Primates

      • Karen B. Strier

      Pages 179-192

7. Altruism and Cooperation Among Humans: The Ethnographic Evidence

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 193-193

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   2. Altruism and Cooperation Among Humans: The Ethnographic Evidence: Introduction Part III

      • Peter Benson

      Pages 195-202

   3. Violence Reduction Among the Gebusi of Papua New Guinea – And Across Humanity

      • Bruce M. Knauft

      Pages 203-225

   4. Human Nature: The Nomadic Forager Model

      • Douglas P. Fry

      Pages 227-247

   5. Born to Live: Challenging Killer Myths

      • R. Brian Ferguson

      Pages 249-270

   6. Notes Toward a Human Nature for the Third Millennium

      • Walter Goldschmidt†

      Pages 271-281

8. Neurological and Hormonal Mechanisms for Cooperation and Altruism

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 283-283

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This book is about the evolution and nature of cooperation and altruism in social-living animals, focusing especially on non-human primates and on humans. Although cooperation and altruism are often thought of as ways to attenuate competition and aggression within groups, or are related to the action of “selfish genes”, there is increasing evidence that these behaviors are the result of biological mechanisms that have developed through natural selection in group-living species. This evidence leads to the conclusion that cooperative and altruistic behavior are not just by-products of competition but are rather the glue that underlies the ability for primates and humans to live in groups. The anthropological, primatological, paleontological, behavioral, neurobiological, and psychological evidence provided in this book gives a more optimistic view of human nature than the more popular, conventional view of humans being naturally and basically aggressive and warlike. Although competition and aggression are recognized as an important part of the non-human primate and human behavioral repertoire, the evidence from these fields indicates that cooperation and altruism may represent the more typical, “normal”, and healthy behavioral pattern. The book is intended both for the general reader and also for students at a variety of levels (graduate and undergraduate): it aims to provide a compact, accessible, and up-to-date account of the current scholarly advances and debates in this field of study, and it is designed to be used in teaching and in discussion groups. The book derived from a conference sponsored by N.S.F., the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, the Washington University Committee for Ethics and Human Values, and the Anthropedia Foundation for the study of well-being.

From the reviews:

“Origins of Altruism and Cooperation presents an avalanche of information and perspectives that can at times be overwhelming, a number of important themes emerge from the diverse material discussed by these many authors. First and foremost, evidence provided throughout the book makes it clear that new evolutionary theories are needed to explain the nature and extent of cooperation in the primate lineage, most prominently among human beings. … this book should be of particular interest to anyone seeking to formulate new evolutionary models.” (Christopher X. Jon Jensen, The Quarterly Review of Biology, Vol. 88 (3), September, 2013)

“The book does three things that many of the other books on this subject don’t do: it gives some background about altruism and cooperation in specific non-human primate species, it reviews the neuroscience behind these behaviors, and it shows the practical applications of altruism and cooperation in such things as education and healthcare. … it is a convenient source for a researcher or someone who is reviewing the literature. … It would be a useful contribution to a university library.” (Jay R. Feierman, ESSSAT-News, Vol. 22 (2), June, 2012)

• , Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, USA

  Robert W. Sussman

• School of Medicine, Dept. Psychiatry, University of Washington, St. Louis, USA

  C. Robert Cloninger