Making Medicines in Africa

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xxi

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2. Introduction: African Industrial Development, Values and Health Care

   1. Introduction: African Industrial Development, Values and Health Care

      • Maureen Mackintosh, Geoffrey Banda, Paula Tibandebage, Watu Wamae

      Pages 1-4Open Access

3. The Pharmaceutical Industry in Africa

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 5-6

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   2. Making Medicines in Africa: An Historical Political Economy Overview

      • Geoffrey Banda, Samuel Wangwe, Maureen Mackintosh

      Pages 7-24Open Access

   3. Pharmaceuticals in Kenya: The Evolution of Technological Capabilities

      • Roberto Simonetti, Norman Clark, Watu Wamae

      Pages 25-44Open Access

   4. Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Decline in Tanzania: How Possible Is a Turnaround to Growth?

      • Paula Tibandebage, Samuel Wangwe, Maureen Mackintosh, Phares G. M. Mujinja

      Pages 45-64Open Access

   5. Bringing Industrial and Health Policies Closer: Reviving Pharmaceutical Production in Ethiopia

      • Tsige Gebre-Mariam, Kedir Tahir, Solomon Gebre-Amanuel

      Pages 65-84Open Access

   6. South-South Collaboration in Pharmaceuticals: Manufacturing Anti-retroviral Medicines in Mozambique

      • Giuliano Russo, Lícia de Oliveira

      Pages 85-102Open Access

   7. Can Foreign Firms Promote Local Production of Pharmaceuticals in Africa?

      • Sudip Chaudhuri

      Pages 103-121Open Access

   8. Raising the Technological Level: The Scope for API, Excipients, and Biologicals Manufacture in Africa

      • Joseph Fortunak, Skhumbuzo Ngozwana, Tsige Gebre-Mariam, Tiffany Ellison, Paul Watts, Martins Emeje et al.

      Pages 122-143Open Access

4. Industrialization for Health

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 145-145

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   2. Health Systems as Industrial Policy: Building Collaborative Capabilities in the Tanzanian and Kenyan Health Sectors and Their Local Suppliers

      • Maureen Mackintosh, Paula Tibandebage, Joan Kariuki Kungu, Mercy Karimi Njeru, Caroline Israel

      Pages 147-165Open Access

   3. The Dissemination of Local Health Innovations: Political Economy Issues in Brazil

      • Erika Aragão, Jane Mary Guimarães, Sebastião Loureiro

      Pages 166-182Open Access

   4. Healthy Industries and Unhealthy Populations: Lessons from Indian Problem-Solving

      • Smita Srinivas

      Pages 183-199Open Access

5. Industrial Policies and Health Needs

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 201-202

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   2. Policies to Control Prices of Medicines: Does the South African Experience Have Lessons for Other African Countries?

      • Skhumbuzo Ngozwana

      Pages 203-223Open Access

   3. Pharmaceutical Standards in Africa: The Road to Improvement and Their Role in Technological Capability Upgrading

      • Geoffrey Banda, Julius Mugwagwa, Dinar Kale, Margareth Ndomondo-Sigonda

      Pages 224-242Open Access

   4. Innovative Procurement for Health and Industrial Development

      • Joanna Chataway, Geoffrey Banda, Gavin Cochrane, Catriona Manville

      Pages 243-260Open Access

   5. Industry Associations and the Changing Politics of Making Medicines in South Africa

      • Theo Papaioannou, Andrew Watkins, Julius Mugwagwa, Dinar Kale

      Pages 261-277Open Access

   6. Finance and Incentives to Support the Development of National Pharmaceutical Industries

      • Alastair West, Geoffrey Banda

      Pages 278-297Open Access

This book is open access under a CC-BY license.
The importance of the pharmaceutical industry in Sub-Saharan Africa, its claim to policy priority, is rooted in the vast unmet health needs of the sub-continent. Making Medicines in Africa is a collective endeavour, by a group of contributors with a strong African and more broadly Southern presence, to find ways to link technological development, investment and industrial growth in pharmaceuticals to improve access to essential good quality medicines, as part of moving towards universal access to competent health care in Africa. The authors aim to shift the emphasis in international debate and initiatives towards sustained Africa-based and African-led initiatives to tackle this huge challenge. Without the technological, industrial, intellectual, organisational and research-related capabilities associated with competent pharmaceutical production, and without policies that pull the industrial sectors towards serving local health needs, the African sub-continent cannot generate the resources to tackle its populations' needs and demands. 
 
Research for this book has been selected as one of the 20 best examples of the impact of UK research on development. See http://www.ukcds.org.uk/the-global-impact-of-uk-research for further details.

• Africa
• local pharmaceutical production
• access to medicines
• technological capabilities
• industrial development
• health-industry interactions
• economy
• health
• health care
• innovation
• Israel
• Policy
• political economy
• political science
• politics

"Making Medicines in Africa comes at just the right time to bring evidence into the often heated debate about local pharmaceutical production in African countries. Scientific data complemented by insider knowledge point the way to achieving better access to health and economic sustainability through local manufacturing. This book is a milestone and will surely become the first standard work on local African production. Worth reading every single page!" - Christoph Bonsmann, Action Medeor, Germany

 

"The production of pharmaceuticals has implications for health, industrialization, and social and economic development. This delightful book offers carefully crafted case studies of these important issues in the case of sub-Saharan Africa, presenting a way of thinking about pharmaceutical industrial development as a critical element of strategies for addressing health needs, and showing how regulatory capabilities can affect trajectories of pharmaceutical development and the extent to which industrial development is beneficial for health systems." - Ken Shadlen, London School of Economics, UK

 

"There is now widespread consensus that local pharmaceutical production has an important role to play in enhancing access to essential good quality medicines, contributing to the health of everyone living in Africa, and to the local economies. Multi-stakeholder cooperation is critical to this agenda, and this book explores the challenges, arguing clearly the imperative for investment in a quality, competitive, Africa-based pharmaceutical industry." - Miles Mudzviti, PharmaAfrica

 

"This book is an important contribution to the ongoing international debate as to whether further stimulating sustainable production of high quality pharmaceuticals in Africa has potential to advance industrial development and public health objectives alike. A compelling case is made for the value of Africa-based initiatives that seek to strengthen local capabilities for medicines manufacturing as one means of improving access to badly needed drugs." - Jürgen Reinhardt, UNIDO

• The Open University, UK

  Maureen Mackintosh, Watu Wamae

• University of Edinburgh, UK

  Geoffrey Banda

• REPOA, Tanzania

  Paula Tibandebage

Maureen Mackintosh is Professor of Economics at the Open University, UK. She is a development economist specialising in the analysis of markets in health care and medicines, with particular reference to African contexts.

Geoffrey Banda is a Research Fellow at the Innogen Institute within Science, Technology and Innovation Studies at The University of Edinburgh, UK. He is currently working on an ESRC-funded Regenerative Medicine project.

Paula Tibandebage is a Senior Research Associate with REPOA, a non-government policy research institute in Tanzania. She specializes in issues of social protection and social services provisioning, including health and education.

Watu Wamae is Visiting Research Fellow in the Department of Economics at The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK. Her research expertise is in the area of industrialisation and innovation policy, and she works closely with governments in Africa.