Plant Ecology, Herbivory, and Human Impact in Nordic Mountain Birch Forests

Table of contents (25 chapters)

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XXIV

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2. History, Environment and Plant Science

   1. 

      Chapter

      Pages 3-18

      History and Environment of the Nordic Mountain Birch

      F. E. Wielgolaski

   2. 

      Chapter

      Pages 19-33

      Soils and Nutrients in Northern Mountain Birch Forests: A Case Study from Finnmarksvidda, Northern Norway

      K. -D. Meier, D. Thannheiser, J. Wehberg, V. Eisenmann

   3. 

      Chapter

      Pages 35-52

      Vegetation of the Mountain Birch Forest in Northern Fennoscandia

      J. Wehberg, D. Thannheiser, K. -D. Meier

   4. 

      Chapter

      Pages 53-70

      Biomass and Production on a Landscape Level in the Mountain Birch Forests

      H. Tømmervik, F. E. Wielgolaski, S. Neuvonen, B. Solberg, K. A. Høgda

   5. 

      Chapter

      Pages 71-86

      Mountain Birch Growth in Relation to Climate and Herbivores

      P. S. Karlsson, M. Weih, C. Borg

   6. 

      Chapter

      Pages 87-98

      Effects of Temperature Changes on Survival and Growth in Mountain Birch Populations

      O. Skre, J. Nilsen, M. Naess, B. Igeland, K. Taulavuori, E. Taulavuori, K. Laine

   7. 

      Chapter

      Pages 99-115

      Phenology and Performance of Mountain Birch Provenances in Transplant Gardens: Latitudinal, Altitudinal and Oceanity-Continentality Gradients

      J. A. Ovaska, J. Nilsen, F. E. Wielgolaski, H. Kauhanen, R. Partanen, S. Neuvonen…

   8. 

      Chapter

      Pages 117-122

      Synthesis Section 1: A Dynamic Forest in a Changing Environment

      P. S. Karlsson, F. E. Wielgolaski

3. Herbivory

   1. 

      Chapter

      Pages 125-138

      Forest Defoliation Risks in Birch Forest by Insects Under Different Climate and Land Use Scenarios in Northern Europe

      S. Neuvonen, H. Bylund, H. Tømmervik

   2. 

      Chapter

      Pages 139-155

      Birch Sapling Responses to Severity and Timing of Domestic Herbivore Browsing — Implications for Management

      A. J. Hester, K. Lempa, S. Neuvonen, K. Høegh, J. Feilberg, S. Arnthórsdóttir, G. Iason

   3. 

      Chapter

      Pages 157-164

      Effects of Reindeer Grazing on Pastures - A Necessary Basis for Sustainable Reindeer Herding

      K. Lempa, S. Neuvonen, H. Tømmervik

   4. 

      Chapter

      Pages 165-181

      Long-Term Influence of Herbivores on Northern Birch Forests

      O. Tenow, H. Bylund, A. C. Nilssen, P. S. Karlsson

   5. 

      Chapter

      Pages 183-189

      Synthesis Section 2: Herbivory in Northern Birch Forests

      S. Neuvonen, F. E. Wielgolaski

4. Human Impact

   1. 

      Chapter

      Pages 193-202

      Rates and Processes of Natural Regeneration in Disturbed Habitats

      B. C. Forbes, A. Tolvanen, K. Laine, F. E. Wielgolaski

   2. 

      Chapter

      Pages 203-217

      Recreation at Tree Line and Interactions with Other Land-Use Activities

      A. Tolvanen, B. Forbes, S. Wall, Y. Norokorpi

   3. 

      Chapter

      Pages 219-233

      Economic Limits and Possibilities for Sustainable Utilization of Northern Birch Forests

      B. Solberg, H. Tømmervik, D. Thannheiser, S. Neuvonen

   4. 

      Chapter

      Pages 235-253

      The Vegetation Changes and Recent Impact on the Mountain Birch Forest During the Last 40 Years

      D. Thannheiser, H. Tømmervik, J. Wehberg

   5. 

      Chapter

      Pages 255-268

      Sámi Approaches to Mountain Birch Utilization in Northern Sápmi (Finland and Norway)

      M. S. Aiko, L. Müller-Wille

   6. 

      Chapter

      Pages 269-273

      Sustainable Reindeer Herding in Mountain Birch Ecosystem

      K. Lempa, S. Neuvonen, H. Tømmervik

   7. 

      Chapter

      Pages 275-280

      Competition Over Nature, Space, Resources and Management in the Mountain Birch Forest Ecosystem in Northernmost Fennoscandia: A Synthesis

      D. Thannheiser, L. Müller-Wille, F. E. Wielgolaski, K. -D. Meier