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NL ARMS Netherlands Annual Review of Military Studies 2020

Deterrence in the 21st Century—Insights from Theory and Practice

  • Offers an exploration of emerging challenges for deterrence strategies
  • Presents studies on non-Western concepts of deterrence (e.g., China, Iran, Israel, Japan, Russia)
  • Demonstrates the application of deterrence concepts in new strategic contexts
  • Provides an assessment of impact of new technologies such as AI and cyber for deterrence theory
  • Includes the fifth wave deterrence theory
  • Provides insights for theory and practice
  • Offers an examination of cross-domain deterrence
  • This book is open access, which means that you have free and unlimited access

Part of the book series: NL ARMS (NLARMS)

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Table of contents (26 chapters)

  1. Front Matter

    Pages i-xxv
  2. Concepts of Deterrence (Evolution, Rediscovery, Conventional, Nuclear, Cross-Domain)

    1. Front Matter

      Pages 11-11
    2. Understanding Deterrence

      • Michael J. Mazarr
      Pages 13-28Open Access
    3. Deterrence Rediscovered: NATO and Russia

      • Sten Rynning
      Pages 29-45Open Access
    4. The Continuing Relevance of Conventional Deterrence

      • Karl Mueller
      Pages 47-63Open Access
    5. The US and Extended Deterrence

      • Paul van Hooft
      Pages 87-107Open Access
    6. Deterrence by Punishment or Denial? The eFP Case

      • Jörg Noll, Osman Bojang, Sebastiaan Rietjens
      Pages 109-128Open Access
    7. The Essence of Cross-Domain Deterrence

      • Tim Sweijs, Samuel Zilincik
      Pages 129-158Open Access
  3. Non-Western Concepts of Deterrence

    1. Front Matter

      Pages 159-159
    2. An Overview of Chinese Thinking About Deterrence

      • Dean Cheng
      Pages 177-200Open Access
    3. Japanese Concepts of Deterrence

      • Nori Katagiri
      Pages 201-214Open Access
    4. Deterrence (In)stability Between India and Pakistan

      • Sander Ruben Aarten
      Pages 215-230Open Access
    5. Iran’s Syria Strategy: The Evolution of Deterrence

      • Hassan Ahmadian, Payam Mohseni
      Pages 231-260Open Access
  4. Deterrence of Non-State Actors

    1. Front Matter

      Pages 261-261
    2. Deterring Violent Non-state Actors

      • Eitan Shamir
      Pages 263-286Open Access

About this book

This open access volume surveys the state of the field to examine whether a fifth wave of deterrence theory is emerging. Bringing together insights from world-leading experts from three continents, the volume identifies the most pressing strategic challenges, frames theoretical concepts, and describes new strategies.


The use and utility of deterrence in today’s strategic environment is a topic of paramount concern to scholars, strategists and policymakers. Ours is a period of considerable strategic turbulence, which in recent years has featured a renewed emphasis on nuclear weapons used in defence postures across different theatres; a dramatic growth in the scale of military cyber capabilities and the frequency with which these are used; and rapid technological progress including the proliferation of long-range strike and unmanned systems. These military-strategic developments occur in a polarized international system, where cooperation between leading powers on arms control regimes is breaking down, states widely make use of hybrid conflict strategies, and the number of internationalized intrastate proxy conflicts has quintupled over the past two decades. Contemporary conflict actors exploit a wider gamut of coercive instruments, which they apply across a wider range of domains. The prevalence of multi-domain coercion across but also beyond traditional dimensions of armed conflict raises an important question: what does effective deterrence look like in the 21st century? Answering that question requires a re-appraisal of key theoretical concepts and dominant strategies of Western and non-Western actors in order to assess how they hold up in today’s world.


Air Commodore Professor Dr. Frans Osinga is the Chair of the War Studies Department of the Netherlands Defence Academy and the Special Chair in War Studies at the University Leiden. Dr. Tim Sweijs is the Director of Research at The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies and a Research Fellow at the Faculty of Military Sciences of the Netherlands Defence Academy in Breda.




Editors and Affiliations

  • Faculty of Military Sciences, Netherlands Defence Academy, Breda, The Netherlands

    Frans Osinga, Tim Sweijs

Bibliographic Information

  • Book Title: NL ARMS Netherlands Annual Review of Military Studies 2020

  • Book Subtitle: Deterrence in the 21st Century—Insights from Theory and Practice

  • Editors: Frans Osinga, Tim Sweijs

  • Series Title: NL ARMS

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-419-8

  • Publisher: T.M.C. Asser Press The Hague

  • eBook Packages: Law and Criminology, Law and Criminology (R0)

  • Copyright Information: The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2021

  • Hardcover ISBN: 978-94-6265-418-1Published: 04 December 2020

  • Softcover ISBN: 978-94-6265-421-1Published: 18 December 2021

  • eBook ISBN: 978-94-6265-419-8Published: 03 December 2020

  • Series ISSN: 1387-8050

  • Series E-ISSN: 2452-235X

  • Edition Number: 1

  • Number of Pages: XXV, 530

  • Number of Illustrations: 9 b/w illustrations, 3 illustrations in colour

  • Topics: Public International Law , International Security Studies, Political Science and International Relations, general

Buy it now

Buying options

Hardcover Book USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Other ways to access