Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. In cancer progression, sex hormones and their receptors are thought to be major factors. Many studies have reported the effects of estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs) in cancer development and progression. Among them, G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), a G proteincoupled receptor, has been identified as an estrogen membrane receptor unrelated to nuclear ER. The mechanism of GPER, including its biological action, function, and role, has been studied in various cancer types. In this review, we discuss the relation between GPER and estrogen or estrogen agonists/antagonists and cancer progression.
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Abbreviations
- AR:
-
androgen receptor
- CAFs:
-
cancer-associated fibroblasts
- CRC:
-
colorectal cancer
- EC:
-
endometrial cancer
- EGFR:
-
epithelial growth factor receptor
- ER:
-
estrogen receptor
- ERK:
-
extracellular-signal-regulated kinase
- ERT:
-
estrogen replacement therapy
- FAS:
-
fatty acid synthase
- GnR:
-
gonadotrophin receptor
- GnRH:
-
gonadotrophin releasing hormone
- GPER:
-
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor
- HCC:
-
hepatocellular carcinoma
- IGF-I:
-
insulin-like growth factor-I
- KO:
-
knockout
- MAPK:
-
mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MMP:
-
matrix metalloproteinase
- NHERF1:
-
Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor
- PC:
-
prostate cancer
- PI3K:
-
phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PR:
-
progesterone receptor
- TAZ:
-
transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding domain
- TF:
-
transcriptional factor
- TK:
-
tyrosine kinases
- TNBC:
-
triple-negative breast cancer
- YAP:
-
yes-associated protein 1
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Jung, J. Role of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor in Cancer Progression. Toxicol Res. 35, 209–214 (2019). https://doi.org/10.5487/TR.2019.35.3.209
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5487/TR.2019.35.3.209