Abstract
It has been proposed that acute phase response can be a mechanism by which inhaled particles exert adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. Although some of the human acute phase proteins have been widely studied as biomarkers of systemic inflammation or cardiovascular diseases, there are only a few studies that investigated the role of serum amyloid P (SAP), a major acute phase protein in mice. In this study, we investigated the changes in SAP, following inhalation exposure to nickel hydroxide nanoparticles (nano-NH). We conducted 1) acute (4h) exposure to nano-NH at 100, 500, and 1000 μg/m3 and 2) sub-acute (4h/d for 3d) exposure at 1000 μg/m3, then measured serum SAP protein levels along with hepatic Sap mRNA levels. The results show that inhaled nano-NH can induce systemic acute phase response indicated by increased serum SAP levels and hepatic Sap mRNA levels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing induction of SAP in response to repeated particle exposure, and the results suggest that SAP can be used as a biomarker for systemic inflammation induced by inhaled particles.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Abbreviations
- ApoE:
-
apoprotein E
- CRP:
-
C-reactive protein
- FA:
-
Filtered Air
- LDL:
-
Low density lipoprotein
- nano-NH:
-
nickel hydroxide nanoparticles
- OSHA:
-
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
- PEL:
-
Permissible Exposure Limit
- SAP:
-
Serum Amyloid P component
References
Cray, C., Zaias, J. and Airman, N.H. (2009). Acute phase response in animals: A review. Comp. Med., 59, 517–526.
de Beer, F.C., Soutar, A.K., Baltz, M.L., Trayner, I.M., Feinstein, A. and Pepys, M.B. (1982). Low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein are selectively bound by aggregated C-reactive protein. J. Exp. Med., 156, 230–242.
de Ferranti, S.D. and Rifai, N. (2007). C-reactive protein: a nontra-ditional serum marker of cardiovascular risk. Cardiovasc. Pathol, 16, 14–21.
Delfino, R.J., Staimer, N., Tjoa, T., Polidori, A., Arhami, M., Gillen, D.L., Kleinman, M.T., Vaziri, N.D., Longhurst, J., Zaldivar, F. and Sioutas, C. (2008). Circulating biomarkers of inflammation, antioxidant activity, and platelet activation are associated with primary combustion aerosols in subjects with coronary artery disease. Environ. Health Perspect., 116, 898–906.
Donaldson, K., Stone, V., Seaton, A. and MacNee, W. (2001). Ambient particle inhalation and the cardiovascular system: potential mechanisms. Environ. Health Perspect., 109 Suppl 4, 523–527.
Ferri, C., Croce, G., Cofini, V., De Berardinis., G., Grassi, D., Casale, R., Properzi, G. and Desideri, G. (2007). C-reactive protein: interaction with the vascular endothelium and possible role in human atherosclerosis. Curr Pharm. Des., 13, 1631–1645.
Gabay, C. and Kushner, I. (1999). Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation. N. Engl J. Med., 340, 448–454.
Gillespie, P.A., Kang, G.S., Eelder, A., Gelein, R., Chen, L., Moreira, A.L., Koberstein, J., Tchou-Wong, K., Gordon, T. and Chen, L.C. (2010). Pulmonary response after exposure to inhaled nickel hydroxide nanoparticles: Short and long-term studies in mice. Nanotoxicology, 4, 106–119.
Harzadous Substance Data Bank. (2010). Nickel Hydroxide.
Kang, G.S., Gillespie, P.A., Gunnison, A., Moreira, A.L., Tchou-Wong, K.M. and Chen, L.C. (2011). Long-term inhalation exposure to nickel nanoparticles exacerbated atherosclerosis in a susceptible mouse model. Environ. Health Perspect., 119, 176–181.
Lei, Y.C., Hwang, I.S., Chan, C.C., Lee, C.T. and Cheng, T.J. (2005). Enhanced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin-diabetic rats exposed to fine particles. Environ. Res., 99, 335–343.
Niwa, Y., Hiura, Y., Sawamura, H. and Iwai, N. (2008). Inhalation exposure to carbon black induces inflammatory response in rats. Circ. J., 72, 144–149.
Ohlson, C.G., Berg, P., Bryngelsson, I.L., Elihn, K., Ngo, Y., Westberg, H. and Sjogren, B. (2010). Inflammatory markers and exposure to occupational air pollutants. Inhal Toxicol, 22, 1083–1090.
Pepys, M.B., Dyck, R.F., de Beer, E.C., Skinner, M. and Cohen, A.S. (1979). Binding of serum amyloid P-component (SAP) by amyloid fibrils. Clin. Exp. Immunol, 38, 284–293.
Pope, C.A., 3rd, Burnett, R.T., Thurston, G.D., Thun, M.I, Calle, E.E., Krewski, D. and Godleski, J.J. (2004). Cardiovascular mortality and long-term exposure to particulate air pollution: epidemiological evidence of general pathophysiological pathways of disease. Circulation., 109, 71–77.
Rocha, M.A., Anaissi, F.J., Toma, H.E., Araki, K. and Winnischofer, H. (2009). Preparation and characterization of colloidal Ni(OH)entonite compostes. Mater. Res. Bul, 44, 970–976.
Ruckerl, R., Ibald-Mulli, A., Koenig, W., Schneider, A., Woelke, G., Cyrys, J., Heinrich, J., Marder, V., Frampton, M., Wichmann, H.E. and Peters, A. (2006). Air pollution and markers of inflammation and coagulation in patients with coronary heart disease. Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med., 173, 432–441.
Saber, A.T., Halappanavar, S., Folkmann, J.K., Bornholdt, J., Boisen, A.M., Moller, P., Williams, A., Yauk, C., Vogel, U., Loft, S. and Wallin, H. (2009). Lack of acute phase response in the livers of mice exposed to diesel exhaust particles or carbon black by inhalation. Part Fibre Toxicol, 6, 12.
Sivulka, D.I., Conard, B.R., Hall, G.W and Vincent, I.H. (2007). Species-specific inhalable exposures in the nickel industry: a new approach for deriving inhalation occupational exposure limits. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 48, 19–34.
Whitehead, A.S., Zahedi, K., Rits, M., Mortensen, R.F. and Lelias, J.M. (1990). Mouse C-reactive protein. Generation of cDNA clones, structural analysis, and induction of mRNA during inflammation. Biochem. J., 266, 283–290.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Kang, G.S., Gillespie, P.A. & Chen, LC. Inhalation Exposure to Nickel Hydroxide Nanoparticles Induces Systemic Acute Phase Response in Mice. Toxicol Res. 27, 19–23 (2011). https://doi.org/10.5487/TR.2011.27.1.019
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5487/TR.2011.27.1.019