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Limb lengthening in achondroplasia

Indian Journal of Orthopaedics volume 50, pages 397–405 (2016)Cite this article

Abstract

Background

Stature lengthening in skeletal dysplasia is a contentious issue. Specifc guidelines regarding the age and sequence of surgery, methods and extent of lengthening at each stage are not uniform around the world. Despite the need for multiple surgeries, with their attendant complications, parents demanding stature lengthening are not rare, due to the social bias and psychological effects experienced by these patients. This study describes the outcome and complications of extensive stature lengthening performed at our center.

Materials and Methods

Eight achondroplasic and one hypochondroplasic patient underwent bilateral transverse lengthening for tibiae, humeri and femora. Tibia lengthening was carried out using a ring fxator and bifocal corticotomy, while a monolateral pediatric limb reconstruction system with unifocal corticotomy was used for the femur and humerus. Lengthening of each bone segment, height gain, healing index and complications were assessed. Subgroup analysis was carried out to assess the effect of age and bone segment on the healing index.

Results

Nine patients aged five to 25 years (mean age 10.2 years) underwent limb lengthening procedures for 18 tibiae, 10 femora and 8 humeri. Four patients underwent bilateral lengthening of all three segments. The mean length gain for the tibia, femur and humerus was 15.4 cm (100.7%), 9.9 cm (52.8%) and 9.6 cm (77.9%), respectively. Healing index was 25.7, 25.6 and 20.6 days/cm, respectively, for the tibia, femur and humerus. An average of 33.3% height gain was attained. Lengthening of both tibia and femur added to projected height achieved as the 3rd percentile of standard height in three out of four patients. In all, 33 complications were encountered (0.9 complications per segment). Healing index was not affected by age or bone segment.

Conclusion

Extensive limb lengthening (more than 50% over initial length) carries signifcant risk and should be undertaken only after due consideration.

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Affiliations

  1. Pediatric Orthopedics Unit, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632 004, Tamil Nadu, India

    Sanjay K. Chilbule, Vivek Dutt &  Vrisha Madhuri

Authors
  1. Sanjay K. Chilbule
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  2. Vivek Dutt
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  3. Vrisha Madhuri
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Correspondence to Vrisha Madhuri.

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Chilbule, S.K., Dutt, V. & Madhuri, V. Limb lengthening in achondroplasia. IJOO 50, 397–405 (2016). https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5413.185604

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5413.185604

Key words

  • Ilizarov
  • limb reconstruction
  • short stature
  • skeletal dysplasia
  • stature lengthening

MeSH terms

  • Achondroplasia
  • bone
  • lengthening
  • ilizarov technique
  • complications