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A sequential Moken scaling approach to evaluate response quality in survey research

Behavior Research Methods (2023)Cite this article

Abstract

Careless responding, where participants do not fully engage with item content, is pervasive in survey research. Left undetected, carelessness can compromise the interpretation and use of survey results, including information about participant locations on the construct, item difficulty, and the psychometric quality of the instrument. We present and illustrate a sequential procedure for evaluating response quality in survey research using indicators from Mokken scale analysis (MSA). We use a real data illustration and a simulation study to compare a sequential procedure to a standalone procedure. We also consider how identifying and removing responses with evidence of poor measurement properties affects item quality indicators. Results suggest that the sequential procedure was effective in identifying potentially problematic response patterns that may not always be captured by traditional methods for identifying careless responders but was not always sensitive to specific carelessness patterns. We discuss implications for research and practice.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Educational Measurement, Educational Studies in Psychology, Research Methodology, and Counseling, The University of Alabama, Box 870231, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA

    Stefanie A. Wind, Benjamin Lugu & Yurou Wang

Authors
  1. Stefanie A. Wind
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  2. Benjamin Lugu
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  3. Yurou Wang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stefanie A. Wind.

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Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Open practices statement

The authors do not have permission to share the real data used in this study.

Code used for the analyses with an example is available at the following URL:

https://alabama.box.com/s/kpwqin2xfqp5uhl40did8v6oij85enxe

This study was not preregistered.

Appendix A

Appendix A

Item number

Item stem

8

Studying is hardly ever exciting

12

I learn in school because my parents say I have to

14

I learn in school because my teachers say I have to

15

I would not study if my teachers did not make me do it

19

If my parents do not push me, I would not push myself to learn in school

37

I study hard to avoid my parents scolding me

38

I study to avoid being criticized by my parents

39

I study to avoid being criticized by my parents

40

If I do not study hard, my parents will punish me

60

I study so I will not look incompetent in front of others

66

I work on homework, so my classmates will think I am smart

68

I study because I want my teacher to think I am smart

83

I study because I would feel bad about myself if got a bad grade

84

I feel guilty if I do not learn something well

89

I feel ashamed if I do not get a good grade on an exam or homework assignment

97

I study in school because I personally value what I learn

102

It is important to me that I study regularly/consistently

107

I am motivated to learn because I find the content meaningful

113

I study because I am passionate about learning

118

I am motivated to learn in school because it teaches me how to solve problems

121

I study because it helps me figure out a purpose in life

123

I study so I can use what I learn to help others

129

Learning in school helps me figure out what careers fit my personality

131

I study because it increases my desire to learn more

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Cite this article

Wind, S.A., Lugu, B. & Wang, Y. A sequential Moken scaling approach to evaluate response quality in survey research. Behav Res (2023). https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-023-02147-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-023-02147-9

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