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Mood and implicit confidence independently fluctuate at different time scales

Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience volume 23, pages 142–161 (2023)Cite this article

Abstract

Mood is an important ingredient of decision-making. Human beings are immersed into a sea of ​​emotions where episodes of high mood alternate with episodes of low mood. While changes in mood are well characterized, little is known about how these fluctuations interact with metacognition, and in particular with confidence about our decisions. We evaluated how implicit measurements of confidence are related with mood states of human participants through two online longitudinal experiments involving mood self-reports and visual discrimination decision-making tasks. Implicit confidence was assessed on each session by monitoring the proportion of opt-out trials when an opt-out option was available, as well as the median reaction time on standard correct trials as a secondary proxy of confidence. We first report a strong coupling between mood, stress, food enjoyment, and quality of sleep reported by participants in the same session. Second, we confirmed that the proportion of opt-out responses as well as reaction times in non-opt-out trials provided reliable indices of confidence in each session. We introduce a normative measure of overconfidence based on the pattern of opt-out selection and the signal-detection-theory framework. Finally and crucially, we found that mood, sleep quality, food enjoyment, and stress level are not consistently coupled with these implicit confidence markers, but rather they fluctuate at different time scales: mood-related states display faster fluctuations (over one day or half-a-day) than confidence level (two-and-a-half days). Therefore, our findings suggest that spontaneous fluctuations of mood and confidence in decision making are independent in the healthy adult population.

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Data availability

Data and code is available in this repository https://github.com/mariadafon/mariadafon-mood_and_confidence_CABN_2022 for non-commercial use.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Aleksandar Matic for his contribution to designing the project and for very creative discussions about the results; Arnau Masdevall-Lara and Silvia Pérez-García for their help on developing the experimental paradigms, collecting and analysing pilot data; Guillermo Solovey and Andrés Taraciuk for productive discussions on the experimental code development. MdF was funded by grant “Linking Mood and Metacognition through a mobile based experimental platform” from Koa Heath B.V. (formerly Telefonica Innovation Alpha). RM-B is supported by BFU2017-85936-P from MINECO (Spain), the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI; ref 55008742), an ICREA Academia award, and the Bial Foundation (grant number 117/18). AH is funded by the Spanish State Research Agency (grants PSI-2015-74644-JIN from Jovenes-Investigadores programme; RYC-2017-23231 from Ramon y Cajal programme and Severo Ochoa and María de Maeztu Program for Centers and Units of Excellence in R&D CEX2020-001084-M).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Brain and Cognition, Barcelona, Spain

    María da Fonseca & Rubén Moreno-Bote

  2. Laboratory of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science Institute, School of Exact and Natural Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    María da Fonseca

  3. Koa Health B.V., Barcelona, Spain

    Giovanni Maffei

  4. Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain

    Rubén Moreno-Bote

  5. Serra Hunter Fellow Programme, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain

    Rubén Moreno-Bote

  6. Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Bellaterra, Spain

    Alexandre Hyafil

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  1. María da Fonseca
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Correspondence to María da Fonseca.

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The researchers collaborated in the development of the Koa Health B.V. digital products. GM received salary support from Koa Health B.V.

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Highlights

• Longitudinal study tracking mood-related states and decision uncertainty of subjects for a period of 10 consecutive days in everyday life settings.

• Self-reported mood-related states significantly correlate with each other.

• The proportion of opt-out responses (allowing skipping of the decision) and reaction time in non-optout correct trials implicitly track decision uncertainty in two discrimination tasks.

• There is no significant correlation between daily fluctuations of mood and session-confidence markers.

• Mood-related states and confidence fluctuate at different time scales.

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da Fonseca, M., Maffei, G., Moreno-Bote, R. et al. Mood and implicit confidence independently fluctuate at different time scales. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 23, 142–161 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-022-01038-4

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Keywords

  • Stress
  • Bayesian linear mixed models
  • Metacognition
  • Online experiment
  • Longitudinal experiment
  • Decision-making