Abstract
People falsely endorse semantic associates and morpheme rearrangements of studied words at high rates in recognition testing. The coexistence of these results is paradoxical: Models of reading that presume automatic extraction of meaning cannot account for elevated false memory for foils that are related to studied stimuli only by their visual form; models without such a process cannot account for false memory for semantic foils. Here we show how sentence and list study contexts encourage different encoding modes and consequently lead to different patterns of memory errors. Participants studied compound words, such as tailspin and floodgate, as single words or embedded in sentences. We show that sentence contexts led subjects to be better able to discriminate conjunction lures (e.g., tailgate) from old words than did list contexts. Conversely, list contexts led to superior discrimination of semantic lures (e.g., nosedive) from old words than did sentence contexts.
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This work was funded in part by Grant R01 AG026263 to A.S.B. from the National Institutes of Health. It was also supported by the Sandia National Laboratories Excellence in Engineering Fellowship provided to L.E.M. and is a part of her doctoral dissertation.
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Matzen, L.E., Benjamin, A.S. Remembering words not presented in sentences: How study context changes patterns of false memories. Memory & Cognition 37, 52–64 (2009). https://doi.org/10.3758/MC.37.1.52
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/MC.37.1.52