Skip to main content
Log in

A simple method for measuring brain asymmetry in children: Application to autism

  • Measuring Behavior 2008
  • Published:
Behavior Research Methods Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A device for measuring signal transfer within and between hemispheres has been developed at the Center for Neuropsychological Research at the University of Trier, Germany. It contains two identical panels allowing both tactile stimulation and motor response with buttons for the fingers of each hand. The buttons have two functions. They can exert a slight tactile stimulation to a finger, and they can be pressed down by the finger to provide a motor response to the tactile stimulation allowing measuring the response time. The device was used for measuring brain asymmetry in tactile processing autistic children. The participants were given a finger tapping test followed by the procedures with unilateral and bilateral processing of tactile stimulation. All participants responded positively to the test procedure and accepted it as a kind of game. The results indicated that brains were more asymmetrical in autistic children than in controls: The right hemisphere functioned quicker than the left hemisphere.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akshoomoff, N., Corsello, C., & Schmidt, H. (2006). The role of autism diagnostic observation schedule in the assessment of autism spectrum disorders in school and community settings. California School Psychologist, 11, 7–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Annett, M. (2002). The puzzle of handedness and cerebral speech. In M. Annett (Ed.), Handedness and brain asymmetry: The right shift theory (pp. 3–20). New York: Taylor & Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banich, M. T. (1995). Interhemispheric processing: Theoretical considerations and empirical approaches. In R. J. Davidson & K. Hugdahl (Eds.), Brain asymmetry (pp. 427–450). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnett, K. J., Corballis, M. C., & Kirk, I. J. (2005). Symmetry of callosal information transfer in schizophrenia: A preliminary study. Schizophrenia Research, 74, 171–178.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bench, C. J., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Dolan, R. J. (1995). Changes in regional cerebral blood flow on recovery from depression. Psychological Medicine, 25, 247–251.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berthier, M. L. (1994). Corticocallosal anomalies in Asperger’s syndrome. American Journal of Roentgenology, 162, 236–237.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blaxill, M. F. (2004). What’s going on? The question of time trends in autism. Public Health Reports, 119, 536–551.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Boddaert, N., Belin, P., Chabane, N., Poline, J.-B., Barthelemy, C., Mouren-Simeoni, M. C., et al. (2003). Perception of complex sounds: Abnormal pattern of cortical activation in autism. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 2057–2060.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boddaert, N., Chabane, N., Belin, P., Bourgeois, M., Royer, V., Barthelemy, C., et al. (2004). Perception of complex sounds in autism: Abnormal auditory cortical processing in children. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 2117–2120.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bruder, G. E. (2003). Frontal and parietotemporal asymmetries in depressive disorders: Behavioral, electrophysiologic, and neuroimaging findings. In K. Hugdahl & R. J. Davidson (Eds.), The asymmetrical brain (pp. 719–742). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burroni, L., Orsi, A., Monti, L., Hayek, Y., Rocchi, R., & Vattimo, A. G. (2008). Regional cerebral blood flow in childhood autism: A SPET study with SPM evaluation. Nuclear Medicine Communications, 29, 150–156.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chiron, C., Leboyer, M., Leon, F., Jambaque, I., Nuttin, C., & Syrota, A. (1995). SPECT of the brain in childhood autism: Evidence for a lack of normal hemispheric asymmetry. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 37, 849–860.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chugani, D. C., Muzik, O., Rothermel, R., Behen, M., Chakraborty, P., Mangner, T., et al. (1997). Altered serotonin synthesis in the dentatothalamocortical pathway in autistic boys. Annals of Neurology, 42, 666–669.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cody, H., Pelphrey, K., & Piven, J. (2002). Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging of autism. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 20, 421–438.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Courchesne, E., Press, G. A., & Yeung-Courchesne, R. (1993). Parietal lobe abnormalities detected with MR in patients with infantile autism. American Journal of Roentgenology, 160, 387–393.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dane, S., & Balci, N. (2007). Handedness, eyeness and nasal cycle in children with autism. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 25, 223–226.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, G., Warrenburg, S., & Fuller, P. (1982). Cerebral lateralization in individuals diagnosed as autistic in early childhood. Brain & Language, 15, 353–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, G., Warrenburg, S., & Fuller, P. (1983). Hemisphere functioning and motor imitation in autistic persons. Brain & Cognition, 2, 346–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dollfus, S., Razafimandimby, A., Delamillieure, P., Brazo, P., Joliot, M., Mazoyer, B., & Tzourio-Mazoyer, N. (2005). Atypical hemispheric specialization for language in right-handed schizophrenia patients. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 1020–1028.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gillberg, C. (1983). Autistic children’s hand preference: Results from an epidemiological study of infantile autism. Psychiatry Research, 10, 21–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gurney, J. G., Fritz, M. S., Ness, K. K., Sievers, P., Newschaffer, C. J., & Shapiro, E. G. (2003). Analysis of prevalence trends of autism spectrum disorder in Minnesota. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 157, 622–627.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hauser, S. L., DeLong, G. R., & Rosman, N. P. (1975). Pneumografic findings in the infantile autism syndrome. A correlation with temporal lobe disease. Brain, 98, 667–688.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herbert, M. R. (2005). Large brains in autism: The challenge of pervasive abnormality. Neuroscientist, 11, 417–440.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herbert, M. R., Harris, G. J., Adrien, K. T., Zeigler, D. A., Makris, N., Kennedy, D. N., et al. (2002). Abnormal asymmetry in language association cortex in autism. Annals of Neurology, 52, 588–596.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herbert, M. R., Ziegler, D. A., Deutsch, C. K., O’Brien, L. M., Kennedy, D. N., Filipek, P. A., et al. (2005). Brain asymmetries in autism and developmental language disorder: A nested whole-brain analysis. Brain, 128, 213–226.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, J. R. (2007). Autism: The first firm finding 5 underconnectivity? Epilepsy & Behavior, 11, 20–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Just, M. A., Cherkassky, V. I., Keller, T. A., Kana, R. K., & Minshew, N. J. (2007). Functional and anatomical cortical underconnectivity in autism: Evidence from an fMRI study of an executive function task and corpus callosum morphometry. Cerebral Cortex, 17, 951–961.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kicic, D., Lioumis, P., Ilmoniemi, R. J., & Nikulin, V. V. (2008). Bilateral changes in excitability of sensorimotor cortices during unilateral movement: Combined electroencephalographic and transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Neuroscience, 152, 1119–1129.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McAlonan, G. M., Cheung, V., Cheung, C., Suckling, J., Lam, G. Y., Tai, K. S., et al. (2005). Mapping the brain in autism. A voxelbased MRI study of volumetric differences and intercorrelations in autism. Brain, 128, 268–276.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCann, B. (1981). Hemispheric asymmetries and early infantile autism. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 11, 401–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meresse, I. G., Zilbovicius, M., Boddaert, N., Robel, L., Philippe, A., Sfaello, I., et al. (2005). Autism severity and temporal lobe functional abnormalities. Annals of Neurology, 58, 466–469.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Minshew, J., & Williams, D. L. (2007). The new neurobiology of autism. Neurological Review, 64, 945–950.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mooshagian, E., Iacoboni, M., & Zaidel, E. (2008). The role of task history in simple reaction time to lateralized light flashes. Neuropsychologia, 46, 659–664.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Newschaffer, C. J., & Curran, L. K. (2003). Autism: An emerging public health problem. Public Health Reports, 118, 393–399.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ogawa, T., Sugiyama, A., Ishiwa, S., Suzuki, M., Ishihara, T., & Sato, K. (1982). Ontogenetic development of EEG-asymmetry in early infantile autism. Brain & Development, 4, 439–449.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ohnishi, T., Matsuda, H., Hashimoto, T., Kunihiro, T., Nishikawa, T. U., & Sasaki, M. (2000). Abnormal regional cerebral blood flow in childhood autism. Brain, 123, 1838–1844.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pinkham, A. E., Hopfinger, J. B., Pelphrey, K. A., Piven, J., & Penn, D. L. (2008). Neural bases for impaired social cognition in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. Schizophrenia Research, 99, 164–175.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Plailly, J., d’Amato, T., Saoud, M., & Royet, J. P. (2006). Left temporo-limbic and orbital dysfunction in schizophrenia during odor familiarity and hedonicity judgments. NeuroImage, 29, 302–313.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rizhova, L. Y., Vershinina, E., Balashov, Y. G., Kulagin, D. A., & Kokorina, E. P. (2006). Relation of behavioral asymmetry to the functions of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal and reproductive systems in vertebrates. In Y. Malashichev & W. Deckel (Eds.), Behavioral and morphological asymmetries in vertebrates (pp. 160–176). Portland, OR: Book News.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M. (2003). Introduction: Autism—The challenges ahead. In G. Bock & J. Goode (Eds.), Autism: Neural basis and treatment possibilities (pp. 1–9). Chichester, U.K.: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M., Baily, A., & Lord, C. (2003). Social communication questionnaire. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Santangelo, S. L., & Tsatsanis, K. (2005). What is known about autism. American Journal of Pharmacogenomics, 5, 71–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shelton, E. L., & Knight, R. G. (1984). Inter-hemispheric transmission time in schizophrenics. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 23, 227–228.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, B. V. J., Asarnow, R., Tanguay, P., Call, J. D., Abel, L., Ho, A., et al. (1992). Regional cerebral glucose metabolism and attention in adults with a history of childhood autism. Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 4, 406–414.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soper, H. V., Satz, P., Orsini, D. L., Henry, R. R., Zvi, J. C., & Schulman, M. (1986). Handedness patterns in autism suggest subtypes. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 16, 155–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steiner, C. E., Guerreiro, M. M., & Marques-de-Faria, A. P. (2004). Brief report: Acrocallosal syndrome and autism. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 34, 723–726.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tassinari, G., Aglioti, S., Pallini, R., Berlucchi, G., & Rossi, G. F. (1994). Interhemispheric integration of simple visuomotor responses in patients with partial callosal defects. Behavioural Brain Research, 64, 141–149.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vidal, C. N., Nicolson, R., DeVito, T. J., Hayashi, K. M., Geaga, J. A., Drost, D. J., et al. (2006). Mapping corpus callosum deficit in autism: An index of aberrant cortical connectivity. Biological Psychiatry, 60, 218–225.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, J., Tsuang, M. T., Ledger, E., Algeo, J., & Schnurr, T. (2002). Brain perfusion in autism varies with age. Neuropsychobiology, 46, 13–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J. G., Higgins, J. P. T., & Brayne, C. E. G. (2006). Systematic review of prevalence studies of autism spectrum disorders. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 91, 8–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wittling, W. (1995). In R. J. Davidson & K. Hugdahl (Eds.), Brain asymmetry (pp. 305–358). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittling, W., & Wittling, A. R. (2005). Europäische patentschrift EP 1 656 885 B1.

  • Wong, V. C. N., & Hui, S. L. H. (2008). Epidemiological study of autism spectrum disorder in China. Journal of Child Neurology, 23, 67–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yeargin-Allsopp, M., Rice, C., Karapurkar, T., Doernberg, N., Boyle, C., & Murphy, C. (2003). Prevalence of autism in a US Metropolitan area. Journal of the American Medical Association, 289, 49–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zilbovicius, M., Boddaert, N., Belin, P., Poline, J.-B., Remy, P., Mangin, J. F., et al. (2000). Temporal lobe dysfunction in childhood autism: A PET study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1988–1993.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. Schweiger.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wittling, R.A., Schweiger, E., Rizhova, L. et al. A simple method for measuring brain asymmetry in children: Application to autism. Behavior Research Methods 41, 812–819 (2009). https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.3.812

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.3.812

Keywords

Navigation