Abstract
A buzzer was paired with food in control rats and with food and shock in experimentals. (1) Baseline bar pressing in experimentais was depressed. (2) Both groups pressed equally often, on the average, to produce the buzzer. (3) Behavior change was greater in experimentals. The data are consistent with a totality-of-reaction theory of conditioned reinforcement.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Appel, J. B. Aversive aspects of a schedule of positive reinforcement. J. exp. Anal. Behav., 1963, 6, 423–428.
Azrin, N. H. Time-out from positive reinforcement. Science, 1961, 133, 382–383.
Breland, K., & Breland, Marian. The misbehavior of organisms. Amer. Psychologist, 1961, 16, 681–684.
Findley, J. D. Preference and switching under concurrent scheduling. J. exp. Anal. Behav., 1958, 1, 123–144.
Kelleher, R. T., & Fry, W. Stimulus functions in chained fixed-interval schedules. J. exp. Anal. Behav., 1962, 5, 167–173.
Pliskoff, S. S., & Tolliver, G. Water-deprivation-produced sign reversal of a conditioned reinforcer based upon dry food. J. exp. Anal. Behav., 1960, 3, 323–329.
Reynolds, G. S. Behavioral contrast. J. exp. Anal. Behav., 1961, 4, 57–71.
Reynolds, G. S. Potency of conditioned reinforcers based on food and on food and punishment. Science, 1963, 139, 838–839.
Segal, Evalyn F. A serial conditioned reinforcement effect in a multiple-chain schedule in a squirrel monkey. Psychon. Sci., 1964, 1, 175–176.
Segal, Evalyn F. Toward empirical behavior laws: I. Conditioned reinforcement. Psychon. Sci., 1965, 2, 135–136.
Sidman, M. Tactics of scientific research. New York: Basic Books, 1960.
Terrace, H. S. Errorless discrimination learning in the pigeon: Effects of chlorpromazine and imipramine. Science, 1963a, 140, 318–319.
Terrace, H. S. Discrimination learning with and without “errors.” J. exp. Anal. Behav., 1963b, 6, 1–27.
Terrace, H. S. Wavelength generalization of stimuli correlated with different schedules of reinforcement. Paper read at Psycho-nomic Society, Niagara Falls, October, 1964.
Thompson, T. I. Visual reinforcement in Siamese fighting fish. Science, 1963, 141, 55–57.
Wagman, W., & Allen, J. D. The development of a conditioned positive reinforcer based upon the termination of shock. Psychon. Sci., 1964, 1, 363–364.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
1
Supported by NSF G 18132, NSF GB 1605, and NIMH 8505.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Segal, E.F. Toward empirical behavior laws: II. Effectiveness of a conditioned reinforcer paired with food and shock. Psychon Sci 2, 137–138 (1965). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03343369
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03343369