Abstract
This experiment compared imitation of male and female models under a vicarious-reinforcement (VR) and a combination VR/direct-reinforcement (DR) condition. Both sexes were used as Ss, and female Ss performed significantly better than did male Ss. The sex of the model was only significant in the VR condition, where the female model was superior. The VR-DR treatment proved to be significantly more effective than VR alone.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
BANDURA, A., ROSS, D., & ROSS, S. A. Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 1961, 63, 575–582.
FLANDERS, J. P. A review of research on imitative behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 1968, 69, 316–337.
MARSTON, A. R. Determinants of the effects of vicarious reinforcement. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1966, 71, 550–558.
PHILLIPS, R. E. A comparison of direct and vicarious reinforcement and an investigation of methodological variables. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1968, 78, 666–669.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This research was supported by a grant from the Graduate School, University of Minnesota. An earlier version of this article was presented as a paper at the 1969 American Psychological Association convention in Washington, D.C.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Phillips, R.E., Bentson, S.B. & Blaney, P.H. Direct reinforcement, sex of model, sex of subject, and learning by vicarious reinforcement. Psychon Sci 17, 325–326 (1969). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03335262
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03335262