Abstract
Long-term recognition memory was measured using test words that were either visually identical with or visually different from the original stimuli. Recognition latencies revealed an interaction consistent with the hypothesis that the visual memory code of a word persists, and can play a direct role in the recognition decision, for several minutes following presentation.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bray, N. W., & Batchelder, W. H. Effects of instructions and retention interval on memory of presentation mode. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1972, 11, 367–374.
Cermak, G. W. Short-term recognition memory for complex free-form figures. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 25, 209–211.
Hintzman, D. L., Block, R. A., & Inskeep, N. R. Memory for mode of input. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1972, 11, 741–749.
Hochberg, J., & Galper, R. E. Recognition of faces: I. An exploratory study. Psychonomic Science, 1967, 9, 619–620.
Murdock, B. B. Auditory and visual stores in short term memory. Acta Psychologica, 1967, 27, 316–324.
Parkinson, S. R. Short-term memory while shadowing: Multiple-item recall of visually and of aurally presented letters. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1972, 92, 256–265.
Posner, M. I., & Warren, R. E. Traces, concepts, and conscious constructions. In A. W. Melton and E. Martin (Eds.), Coding processes in human memory. Washington, D.C: Winston, 1972.
Scarborough, D. L. Stimulus modality effects on forgetting in short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1972, 95, 285–289.
Shepard, R. N. Recognition memory for words, sentences, and pictures. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1967, 6, 156–163.
Underwood, B. J. Attributes of memory. Psychological Review, 1969, 76, 559–573.
Wallach, H., & Averbach, E. On memory modalities. American Journal of Psychology, 1955, 68, 249–257.
Warrington, E. K., & Shallice, T. Neuropsychological evidence of visual storage in short-term memory tasks. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1972, 24, 30–40.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
The research reported herein was performed pursuant to a grant with the Office of Education, US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Contractors undertaking such projects under government sponsorship are encouraged to express freely their professional judgment in the conduct of the project. Points of view or opinions stated do not, therefore, necessarily represent official Office of Education position or policy.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hintzman, D.L., Summers, J.J. Long-term visual traces of visually presented words. Bull. Psychon. Soc. 1, 325–327 (1973). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03334359
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03334359