Abstract
Two naive rats were trained on Mult VI1 VI1 (clicker + reinforced response shock). On this schedule, a clicker sounded through the delivery of every other 13 reinforcements. Each response in the clicker that delivered reinforcement also received an immediate shock. The shock intensity was varied, which produced the following effects in both animals: little or no effect on response rate at low intensity, regular facilitation or increase over nonshock rates at intermediate values, and reliable suppression at higher intensities. Facilitative effects were described as due to conditioning reinforcing functions; suppressive effects were defined as punishment.
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Davidson, R.S. Conditioned reinforcing vs punishing properties of electric shock. Psychon Sci 18, 155–157 (1970). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03332351
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03332351