Abstract
Toads (Bufo marinus) were trained to escape shock in a T maze with confounded visual and spatial cues. After each S reached a criterion of eight consecutive correct trials, it was given a single test trial with the positions of the visual cues reversed. When faced with a situation in which visual and spatial cues gave contradictory information, each of the six Ss performed on the basis of the spatial cue.
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Williams, J.T. A test for dominance of cues during maze learning by toads. Psychon Sci 9, 259–260 (1967). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03332211
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03332211