Abstract
One hundred and twenty Caucasians selected and administered a variable amount of presumed electric shock to victims (actually Confederates) for verbal errors with the following results: Ss with higher MMPI hostility scores inflicted higher shocks. Male Ss had higher MMPI hostility scores and delivered stronger shocks than females. Male victims received stronger shocks than females. Negro victims received stronger shocks than Whites. Error words with hostile connotations evoked higher shocks than neutral and affectionate words.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
BERKOWITZ, L. Aggressive cues in aggressive behavior and hostility catharsis. Psychological Review, 1964, 71(2), 104–122.
BERKOWITZ, L. Aggression: A social psychological analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1962.
BROCK, T. C., & BUSS, A. H. Effects of justification for aggression and communication with the victim on postaggression disonance. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 1964, 68(4), 403–412.
BRUNSWIK, E. Perception and the representative design of psychological experiments. (2nd ed) Berkeley: University of California Press, 1956.
BUSS, A. H. Instrumentality of aggression, feedback, and frustration as determinants of physical aggression. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 1966, 3(2), 153–162.
BUSS, A. H. The psychology of aggression. New York: Wiley, 1961.
BUSS, A. H. Physical aggression in relation to different frustrations. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 1963, 67(1), 1–7.
COOK, W. W., & MEDLEY, D. M. Proposed hostility and Pharisaic-virtue scales for the MMPI. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1954, 38, 414–418.
KAUFMANN, H. Hostility, perceived similarity and punitivity under arousal conditions. Journal of Personality, 1966, 34(4), 538–545.
MEGARGEE, E. I., & MENDELSOHN, G. A. A cross-validation of 12 MMPI indices of hostility and control. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 1962, 65(6), 431–438.
SIEGEL, S. M. The relationship of hostility to authoritatianism. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 1965, 52, 368–372.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Youssef, Z.I. The role of race, sex, hostility, and verbal stimulus in inflicting punishment. Psychon Sci 12, 285–286 (1968). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03331312
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03331312