Abstract
This experiment was designed to examine the effects of Pavlovian conditioned fear (CS+) and safety (CS—) stimuli on open-field behavior. The presence of the CS+ reduced exploration and increased freezing time and the amount of defecation, while the CS— increased exploratory activity and reduced signs of fear. A nonshocked group was used to assess the general effects of preshock on subsequent exploration. In general, shock exposure prior to testing reduced exploration.
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Mikulka, P., Kendall, P., Constantine, J. et al. The effect of Pavlovian CS+ and CS- on exploratory behavior. Psychon Sci 27, 308–310 (1972). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03328973
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03328973