Abstract
Chickens were isolated, imprinted, or reared in a group for a 2-week period posthatch. At the age of 9 weeks, the two most dominant Ss as well as the two most submissive Ss were selected from each group. Paired encounters were staged between all the dominant Ss and between all the submissive Ss. The dominant-imprinted and group-reared Ss scored more wins than did the dominant-isolated Ss. In the submissive group, isolated and imprinted Ss scored more wins than the group-reared Ss.
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Ivinskis, A., Kelly, R. The effects of early environmental manipulation on the peck-order hierarchies in domestic chickens. Psychon Sci 28, 152–154 (1972). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03328691
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03328691