Abstract
Sixteen rats were maintained out of doors in cages with natural light, temperature, and social stimulation for 3 months. Subsequently, by pairing the taste of sucrose with IP injections of LiCl, the rats were conditioned to avoid sucrose. Each of four groups of rats received the CS-US pairing at a different time of day. Times of conditioning were 6 a.m., 12 a.m., 6 p.m. and 12 p.m. EST. A two-bottle preference test between 4% sucrose solution and tap water was initiated 24-h after conditioning. Daily measurements of preference were continued for 16 consecutive days. Results indicated that, although all groups initially exhibited equivalent sucrose aversions, the groups conditioned at 12 a.m. and 6 p.m. extinguished within 12 days while the 6 a.m. and 12 p.m. groups continued to manifest profound aversions for sucrose throughout the 16 test days.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Reference Notes
Smith, J. C., & Morris, D. D.A demonstration of conditioned aversion to saccharin solution using X-rays produced by a 3 Mev Van de Graaf electron accelerator. Bulletin No. 15, 1964, Tallahassee: Florida State University, Institute for Moleculer Biophysics, 1964.
Ternes, J. W., & Smith, J. C.Circadian sensitivity to gamma rays as measured by conditioned saccharin aversion in rats. Paper presented at the meeting of the Psychonomic Society, St. Louis, October 1968. These data are available on a limited basis from the first author. The data are also discussed in an unpublished doctoral dissertation,Circadian cyclic sensitivity to gamma radiation as an unconditioned stimulus in conditioned taste aversion studies. Order No. 70-8579, University Microfilms, 300 N. Zeeb Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan.
References
Ahlers, R. H., & Best, P. J. Novelty vs temporal contiguity in learned taste aversions.Psychonomic Science, 1971,25, 34–36.
Barker, L. M. CS duration, amount and concentration effects in conditioning taste aversions.Learning and Motivation, 1976,7, 265–273.
Barker, L., & Smith, J. C. A comparison of taste aversions induced by radiation and lithium chloride in CS-US and US-CS paradigms.Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 1974,87, 644–655.
Barker, L., Suarez, E., & Gray, D. Backward conditioning of taste aversion in rats using cyclophosphamide as the US.Physiological Psychology, 1974,2, 117–119.
Berman, R. F., & Cannon, D. S. The effect of prior ethanol experience on ethanol induced saccharin aversion.Physiology and Behavior, 1974,12, 1041–1044.
Best, M. R. Conditioned and latent inhibition in taste-aversion learning: Clarifying the role of learned safety.Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1975,104, 97–113.
Bond, N., & DiGiusto, E. Amount of solution drunk as a factor in the establishment of taste aversion.Animal Learning and Behavior, 1975,3, 81–84.
Bond, N., & Harland, W. The effect of amount of solution drunk on taste-aversion learning.Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 1975,5, 119–120.
Brookshire, K. H., & Brackhill, R. M. Habituation to illness: Effects on acquisition and retention of a conditioned taste aversion.Psychonomic Science, 1972,79, 385.
Carroll, M., Dinc, H., Levy, C., & Smith, J. C. Demonstrations of neophobia and enhanced neophobia in the albino rat.Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 1975,89, 457–467.
Domjan, M. CS preexposure in taste aversion learning: Effects of deprivation and preexposure duration.Learning and Motivation, 1972,3, 389–402.
Elkins, R. L. Attenuation of drug induced bait shyness to a palatable solution as an increasing function of its availability prior to conditioning.Behavioral Biology, 1973,9, 221–226. (a)
Elkins, R. L. Individual differences in bait shyness: Effects of drug dose and measurement technique.Psychological Record, 1973,23, 349–358. (b)
Elkins, R. L. Bait shyness, acquisition and resistance to extinction as function of US exposure prior to conditioning.Physiological Psychology, 1974,2, 34–343.
Etscorn, F., & Miller, R. Variations in the strength of conditioned taste aversion in rats as a function of time of inducement.Physiological Psychology, 1975,3, 270–272.
Feign, R. D., San Joaquin, V. A., Haymond, M. W., & Wyatt, R. G. Daily periodicity of susceptibility of mice to to pneumonococcal infection.Nature, 1969,224, 379–380.
Garcia, J., Ervin, F., & Koelling, R. Bait shyness: A test for toxicity with N = 2.Psychonomic Science, 1967,7, 245–246.
Garcia, J., Kimeldorf, D. F., & Koelling, R. A. Conditioned aversion to saccharine resulting from exposure to gamma radiation.Science, 1955,122, 157–158.
Haus, E. F., Halberg, F., Locken, M. D., & Kim, Y. S. Circadian rhymometry of mammalian radiosensitivity. In C. Tobias & P. Todd (Eds.)Space Radiation Biology. New York: Academic Press, 1974.
Kalat, J. W., & Rozin, P. “Learned safety” as a mechanism in long-delay taste aversion learning in rats.Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 1973,83, 198–201.
Keppel, G.Design and analysis: A researcher’s handbook. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1973.
Nachman, M., & Ashe, J. H. Learned taste aversions in rats as a function of dosage, concentration, and route of administration of LiCl.Physiology and Behavior, 1973,10, 73–78.
Nachman, M., & Jones, D. R. Learned taste aversions over long delays in rats: The role of learned safety.Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 1974,86, 949–956.
Pizzareixo, D. J., Isaak, D., & Chua, K. E. Orcadian rhythmicity in the sensitivity of two strains of mice to whole-body radiation.Science, 1963,145, 286–291.
Rusak, B., & Zucker, I. Fluid intake of rats in constant light and during feeding restricted to the light or dark portion of the illumination cycle.Physiology and Behavior, 1974,13, 91–100.
Revusky, S. H., & Bedarf, E. W. Association of illness with prior ingestion of novel foods.Science, 1967,155, 219–220.
Scheving, L. Daily circadian rhythm in rats to d-amphetamine sulfate: The effect of blinding and continuous illumination on the rhythm.Nature, 1968,219, 621–622.
Scheving, L. E., Ledral, D. F., & Pauly, I. E. A circadian susceptibility rhythm in rats to phenobarbital sodium.Anatomical Record, 1968,160, 741–750.
Siegel, P. S. Food intake in the rat in relation to the dark-light cycle.Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 1961,54, 294–301.
Siegel, P. S., & Stuckey, H. L. The diurnal course of water and food intake in the normal mature rat.Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 1947,40, 365–370.
Smith, J. C., & Birkle, R. A. Conditioned aversion to sucrose in rats using X-rays as the unconditioned stimulus.Psycho-nomic Science, 1966,5, 271–272.
Ternes, J. W. Circadian cyclic sensitivity to gamma radiation in taste aversion conditioning. In L. E. Scheving, F. Halberg, & J. E. Pauly (Eds.),Chronobiology, Tokyo: Igaku Shoin, 1974.
Vogel, J. R., & Clody, D. E. Habituation and conditioned food aversion.Psychonomic Science, 1972,28, 275–276.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ternes, J.W. Resistance to extinction of a learned taste aversion varies with time of conditioning. Animal Learning & Behavior 4, 317–321 (1976). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03214057
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03214057