Abstract
We examined the role of encoding processes for picture superiority in explicit and conceptualimplicit memory. The nature of encoding instruction (naming or semantic categorization) yielded dissociative effects on picture and word memory on one explicit test, category-cued recall, and two conceptual-implicit tests, category-cued generation and category-cued verification. Category-cued recall was greater for pictures than for words following naming, but it did not differ for pictures and words following semantic categorization. Category-cued generation priming was greater for pictures than for words following naming, but it was greater for words than for pictures following semantic categorization. In contrast, category-cued verification priming did not differ for pictures and words following either naming or semantic categorization. Thus, picture superiority can be eliminated or reversed depending on the type of conceptual encoding task and conceptual-retrieval test.
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This research was supported by NIH Grants AG11121 and MH 53673.
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Vaidya, C.J., Gabrieli, J.D.E. Picture superiority in conceptual memory: Dissociative effects of encoding and retrieval tasks. Memory & Cognition 28, 1165–1172 (2000). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03211817
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03211817