Abstract
A method is presented for obtaining a seriesofsilhouettes that were analyzed as profiles of the human face. When depressed psychiatric patients smiled before and after electroshock therapy, a greater facial displacement was recorded after treatment. Controls did not show any trend in this regard.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
ANDREW, R. J. Evolution of facial expression. Science, 1963, 142, 1034–1041.
BELL, C. H.Essay on the anatomy of expression in paintings. London: Longmans Green, 1944. P. 1806.
CAMERON, D. E., LEVY, L., & RUBENSTEIN, L. Effects of repetition of verbal signals upon the behaviour of chronic psychoneurotic patients. Journal of Mental Science, 1960, 106, 742.
GEIGY COMPANY.Conference on methods of measurements in change in human behavior. Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, September 27–28, 1962 (convened by the Geigy Co.).
DARWIN, C.Expressions of the emotions in man and animals. London: Murray, 1872.
KRAINES, S. H.Mental depressions and their treatment. New York: Macmillan, 1957. P. 473.
LANDIS, C. Studies of emotional reactions. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 1924, 4, 447–501.
PIDERIT, T.Mimik und Physiognomik, (4th ed.). Detmold: Rejens, 1925.
RUBENSTEIN, L. Humming: A vocal standard with a diurnal variation. Science, 1961, 134, 1519–1520.
RUBENSTEIN, L. Continuous radio telemetry of human activity. Nature, 1962, 193, 849.
RUBENSTEIN, L. Electronic analysis of nonverbal communication. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 1968, 9(3), 200–208.
WOODWORTH, R. S., & SCHLOSBERG, H.Experimental psychology. New York: Holt, 1954. Pp.111–120, 124–132.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rubenstein, L. Facial expressions: An objective method in the quantitative evaluation of emotional change. Behav. Res. Meth. & Instru. 1, 305–306 (1969). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03209924
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03209924