Abstract
Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Unversität, Frankfurt am Main, West-Germany In single-trial free recall a superiority of acoustical over visual presentation has been observed in the recency part of the serial position curve. The rehearsal-buffer model by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) was modified to distinguish between three different explanations that are discussed in the literature. The application of the model allowed some of the parameters to vary across modes of presentation while other parameters were held constant. A model assuming either a precategorical acoustical storage or additional processing for visually presented items gives a better account of the results than does a model derived from a two-store hypothesis.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Atkinson, R. C. &Shiffrin, R. M. Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. In K. W. Spence & J. T. Spence (Eds.),The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 2). New York: Academic Press, 1968. Pp. 89–195.
Chandler, J. P. STEPIT-Finds local minima of a smooth function of several parameters.Behavioral Science, 1969,14, 81–82.
Conrad, R. Acoustic confusions in immediate memory.British Journal of Psychology, 1964,55, 75–84.
Craik, F. I. M. Modality effects in short-term storage.Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1969,8, 658–664.
Crowder, R. G. &Morton, J. Precategorical acoustic storage (PAS).Perception & Psychophysics, 1969,5, 365–373.
Flade, A. &Wender, K. F. Der Einfluß der Darbietungsmodalität auf das kurzfristige Behalten.Psychological Research, 1974,37, 125–142.
Laughery, K. R. Computer simulation of short-term memory: A component-decay model. In G. H. Bower & J. T. Spence (Eds.),The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 3). New York: Academic Press, 1969. Pp. 135–200.
Laughery, K. R. &Pinkus, A. L. Short-term memory: Effects of acoustic similarity, presentation rate and presentation mode.Psychonomic Science, 1966,6, 285–286.
Margrain, S. A. Short-term memory as a function of input modality.Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1967,19, 109–114.
Murdock, B. B., Jr. Visual and auditory stores in short-term memory.Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1966,18, 206–211.
Murdock, R. B., Jr. Auditory and visual stores in short-term memory.Acta Psychologica, 1967,27, 316–324.
Murdock, B. B., Jr. Short-term memory. In G. H. Bower (Ed.),The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 5). New York: Academic Press, 1972. Pp. 67–127.
Murdock, B. B., Jr.Human memory: Theory and data. Potomac, Md: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1974.
Murdock, B. B., Jr. &Walker, K. D. Modality effects in free recall.Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1969,8, 665–676.
Sperling, G. A model for visual memory tasks.Human Factors, 1963,5, 19–31.
Sperling, G. Successive approximations to a model for short-term memory.Acta Psychologica, 1967,27, 285–292.
Tulving, E. &Bower, G. H. The logic of memory representations. In G. H. Bower (Ed.),The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in theory and research. New York: Academic Press, 1974. Pp. 265–301.
Watkins, M. J. Locus of the modality effect in free recall.Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1972,11, 644–648.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wender, K.F., Flade, A. A three-component analysis of the modality effect in single-trial free recall. Memory & Cognition 5, 162–165 (1977). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03209209
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03209209