Abstract
Subjects learned a list of paired associates and reported the elaborators actually used during learning. They also generated “second-choice” elaborators. Both first- and second-choice elaborators were classified as stimulus-related or response-related and given to independent groups of new subjects to use in learning a list of pairs. Over a 1-week retention interval, stimulus-related elaborators produced better retention than did response-related elaborators. There was also some indication that first-choice elaborators were superior to second-choice elaborators.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Forbes, E. J., &Reese, H. W. Pictorial elaboration and recall of multilist paired associates.Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1974,102, 836–840.
Hasher, L., &Johnson, M. K. Interpretive factors in forgetting.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 1975,1, 567–575.
Hasher, L., &Thomas, H. A developmental study of retention.Developmental Psychology, 1973,9, 281.
Hasher, L., Riebman, B., &Wren, F. Imagery and the retention of free-recall learning.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 1976,2, 172–181.
Hashtroudi, S., &Johnson, M. K. Transfer and forgetting: Interpretive shifts and stimulus reinstatement.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 1976,2, 262–272.
Keppel, G. Retroactive and proactive inhibition. In T. R. Dixon & D. L. Horton (Eds.),Verbal behavior and general behavior theory. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 1968.
Light, L. L., &Carter-Sobell, L. Effects of changed semantic context on recognition memory.Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1970,9, 1–11.
Lockhart, R. S., Craik, F. I. M., &Jacoby, L. L. Depth of processing, recognition and recall. In J. Brown (Ed.),Recall and recognition. London: Wiley, 1976.
Olton, R. M. The effect of a mnemonic upon the retention of paired-associate verbal behavior.Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1969,8, 43–48.
Paivio, A., Yuille, J. C., & Madigan, S. A. Concreteness, imagery and meaningfulness values for 925 nouns.Journal of Experimental Psychology Monograph Supplement, 1968,76(No. 1, Part 2).
Postman, L., Stark, K., &Burns, S. Sources of proactive inhibition on unpaced tests of retention.American Journal of Psychology, 1974,87, 33–56.
Thorndike, E. L., &Lorge, I.The teachers’ word book of 30,000 words. New York: Columbia University, 1944.
Tulving, E. Episodic and semantic memory. In E. Tulving & W. Donaldson (Eds.),Organization of memory. New York: Academic Press, 1972.
Tulving, E., &Thomson, D. M. Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory.Psychological Review, 1973,80, 352–373.
Underwood, B. J., &Richardson, J. The influence of meaningfulness, intralist similarity and serial position on retention.Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1956,52, 119–126.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hasher, L., Griffin, M. & Johnson, M.K. More on interpretive factors in forgetting. Memory & Cognition 5, 41–45 (1977). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03209190
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03209190