Abstract
First- and second-order approximations to English and orthographic neighbor ratio values are provided for Paivio, Yuille, and Madigan’s (1968) 925 nouns. First- and second-order approximations to English are information theory measures of the probability of generating a word on a letter-by-letter basis. The orthographic neighbor ratio is the frequency of a word divided by the sum of the frequencies of all words that can be generated by changing one of its letters. Thus, the orthographic neighbor ratio provides a measure of a sophisticated guessing model in which partial information about a word is obtained and a decision is made on the basis of the relative frequencies of the possible responses. Correlations with existing norms are reported.
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Paivio, A.Imagery ratings and other norms for 2,448 words. Unpublished manuscript, University of Western Ontario.
Olivier, D.Tables of ngrams. Unpublished manuscript, Harvard University.
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Reprints and computer-readable norms are available from the author. I wish to thank Allan Paivio and Donald Olivier for making their norms available to me.
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Rubin, D.C. First-order approximation to English, second-order approximation to English, and orthographic neighbor ratio norms for 925 nouns. Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation 13, 713–721 (1981). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03207956
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03207956