Abstract
Three experiments explored the verbal overshadowing effect, that is, the phenomenon that describing a previously seen face impairs recognition of this face. There were three main results: First, a verbal overshadowing effect was obtained both when subjects were provided with and when they generated a description of an earlier seen face. Second, instructing subjects at the time of test to be aware of potentially competing memories did not improve, and may even have worsened, recognition performance when the subjects hadgenerated a description of the target face. However, these instructions improved performance and eliminated the verbal overshadowing effect when subjects wereprovided with someone else’s description of the target face. Third, recognition of the target face was disrupted when subjects described a completely different face, such as their parent’s face or a face of the opposite sex. The results are discussed in relation to two potential mechanisms: source confusion between previously encoded visual and verbal representations of the face and a shift in processing of the test faces at recognition.
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This research was funded in part by a National Science Foundation graduate fellowship to the first author, Grants AG09253 and AG09744 from the National Institute on Aging to the second author, and a grant from the National Institute on Mental Health to the third author.
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Dodson, C.S., Johnson, M.K. & Schooler, J.W. The verbal overshadowing effect: Why descriptions impair face recognition. Mem Cogn 25, 129–139 (1997). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03201107
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03201107