Abstract
Pigeons were trained on many-to-one matching-to-sample with food and no-food outcomes that were either differential or nondifferential with respect to the sample stimuli. In the differential condition, outcomes were correlated with the correct comparison-alternatives-for half of the subjects, and were uncorrelated with those alternatives for the remaining subjects. Relative to non-differential training, matching acquisition was facilitated in the correlated condition but retarded in the uncorrelated condition. These results clearly demonstrate that differential outcomes do not affect conditional discrimination learning merely by enhancing the discriminability or distinctiveness of the samples with which they are associated. Rather, they apparently give rise to another discriminative cue (viz., an outcome expectancy), which can either enhance or interfere with performance, depending on its predictive validity.
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This research was supported by NSF Grant 86-06926. The author is grateful to JeAndra Barrier, Todd Hortman, Lisa Huston, Beth Kraemer, and Nicholas Ketterer for running the subjects.
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Urcuioli, P.J. Retardation and facilitation of matching acquisition by differential outcomes. Animal Learning & Behavior 19, 29–36 (1991). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03197857
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03197857