Abstract
Two experiments examined forced-choice associative recognition for OLAP and NOLAP test conditions. OLAP test trials consist of pairs with overlapping items (e.g., AB vs. AD), whereas NOLAP test trials contain no overlapping items (e.g., AB vs. CF). Previous results show better performance for NOLAP than for OLAP tests, contrary to the predictions of global memory models. The present experiments varied list length to examine the hypothesis that the NOLAP advantage is produced by recall-like retrieval processes. The use of longer lists either eliminated (Experiment 1) or greatly reduced (Experiment 2) the NOLAP advantage. However, a reliable OLAP advantage was not obtained. Implications for models are discussed.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Clark, S. E. (1992). Word frequency effects in associative and item recognition.Memory & Cognition,20, 231–243.
Clark, S. E., Hori, A., &Callan, D. E. (1993). Forced-choice associative recognition: Implications for global memory models.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition,19, 871–881.
Feller, W. (1968).An introduction to probability theory and its applications (3rd ed., Vol. 1). New York: Wiley.
Gillund, G., &Shiffrin, R. M. (1984). A retrieval model for both recall and recognition.Psychological Review,91, 1–67.
Hintzman, D. L. (1988). Judgements of frequency and recognition memory in a multiple-trace memory model.Psychological Review,95, 528–551.
Humphreys, M. S. (1978). Item and relational information: A case for context independent retrieval.Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior,17, 175–187.
Kučera, H., &Francis, W. N. (1967).A computational analysis of present-day American English. Providence, RI: Brown University Press.
Mandler, G. (1980). Recognition: The judgement of previous occurrence.Psychological Review,87, 252–271.
Murdock, B. B., Jr. (1982). A theory for the storage and retrieval of associative information.Psychological Review,89, 609–626.
Nobel, P. A., & Huber, D. E. (1993, August).Modeling forced-choice associative recognition through a hybrid of global recognition and cued-recall. Paper presented at the 15th annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Boulder, CO.
Pike, R. (1984). A comparison of convolution and matrix distributed memory systems.Psychological Review,91, 281–294.
Thorndike, E. L., &Lorge, I. (1944).The teacher’s word book of 30,000 words. New York: Columbia University, Teachers College Press.
Tulving, E. (1981). Similarity relations in recognition.Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior,20, 479–496.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This research was supported by a grant from the Academic Senate of the University of California, and by National Science Foundation Grant DBS 9120911.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Clark, S.E., Hori, A. List length and overlap effects in forced-choice associative recognition. Memory & Cognition 23, 456–461 (1995). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03197246
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03197246