Abstract
According to speech act theory (Searle, 1969), utterances have both a propositional content and an illocutionary force (the speech act performed with the utterance). Four experiments were conducted to examine whether utterance comprehension involves speech act recognition. Participants in all experiments first read remarks that could be characterized by a particular speech act (e.g.,beg). A recognition probe reaction time procedure was used in Experiments 1 and 2; participants indicated whether a probe word had literally appeared in the last remark that they had read. Participants were significantly slower at making this judgment (and made significantly more errors) when the probe represented the speech act performed with the prior remark than when it did not. A lexical decision task was used in Experiments 3 and 4, and participants were significantly faster at verifying target words representing the speech act performed with a remark, relative to control words. Overall, the results suggest that speech act recognition may be an important component of the comprehension of conversational remarks.
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This research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (SBR 9601311) awarded to the first author. Experiment 1 was reported at the 1998 annual meeting of the American Psychological Society, Washington, DC.
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Holtgraves, T., Ashley, A. Comprehending illocutionary force. Memory & Cognition 29, 83–90 (2001). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03195743
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03195743