Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in
Menu
Find a journal Publish with us
Search
Cart
  1. Home
  2. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics
  3. Article
The facing bias in biological motion perception: Effects of stimulus gender and observer sex
Download PDF
Download PDF
  • Brief Reports
  • Published: July 2010

The facing bias in biological motion perception: Effects of stimulus gender and observer sex

  • Ben Schouten1,
  • Nikolaus F. Troje2,
  • Anna Brooks3,
  • Rick van der Zwan3 &
  • …
  • Karl Verfaillie1 

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics volume 72, pages 1256–1260 (2010)Cite this article

  • 1200 Accesses

  • 49 Citations

  • 18 Altmetric

  • Metrics details

Abstract

Under orthographic projection, biological motion point-light walkers offer no cues to the order of the dots in depth: Views from the front and from the back result in the very same stimulus. Yet observers show a bias toward seeing a walker facing the viewer (Vanrie, Dekeyser, & Verfaillie, 2004). Recently, we reported that this facing bias strongly depends on the gender of the walker (Brooks et al., 2008). The goal of the present study was, first, to examine the robustness of the effect by testing a much larger subject sample and, second, to investigate whether the effect depends on observer sex. Despite the fact that we found a significant effect of figure gender, we clearly failed to replicate the strong effect observed in the original study. We did, however, observe a significant interaction between figure gender and observer sex.

Article PDF

Download to read the full article text

Working on a manuscript?

Avoid the common mistakes

References

  • Bach, D. R., Schachinger, H., Neuhoff, J. G., Esposito, F., Di Salle, F., Lehmann, C., et al. (2008). Rising sound intensity: An intrinsic warning cue activating the amygdala. Cerebral Cortex, 18, 145–150. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhm040

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, A., Schouten, B., Troje, N. F., Verfaillie, K., Blanke, O., & van der Zwan, R. (2008). Correlated changes in perceptions of the gender and orientation of ambiguous biological motion figures. Current Biology, 18, 728–729. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.06.054

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cutting, J. E., & Kozlowski, L. T. (1977). Recognizing friends by their walk: Gait perception without familiarity cues. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 9, 353–356.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dittrich, W. H. (1993). Action categories and the perception of biological motion. Perception, 22, 15–22. doi:10.1068/p220015

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dittrich, W. H., Troscianko, T., Lea, S. E. G., & Morgan, D. (1996). Perception of emotion from dynamic point-light displays represented in dance. Perception, 25, 727–738. doi:10.1068/p250727

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gunns, R. E., Johnston, L., & Hudson, S. M. (2002). Victim selection and kinematics: A point-light investigation of vulnerability to attack. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 26, 129–158. doi:10.1023/A:1020744915533

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hewig, J., Trippe, R. H., Hecht, H., Straube, T., & Miltner, W. H. R. (2008). Gender differences for specific body regions when looking at men and women. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 32, 67–78. doi:10.1007/s10919-007-0043-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, S., Cummins, F., & Brady, N. (2008). Rapid perceptual switching of a reversible biological figure. PLoS ONE, 3, e3982. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003982

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson, G. (1973). Visual perception of biological motion and a model for its analysis. Perception & Psychophysics, 14, 201–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, K. L., & Tassinary, L. G. (2005). Perceiving sex directly and indirectly: Meaning in motion and morphology. Psychological Science, 16, 890–897. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01633.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kozlowski, L. T., & Cutting, J. E. (1977). Recognizing the sex of a walker from a dynamic point-light display. Perception & Psychophysics, 21, 575–580.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loula, F., Prasad, S., Harber, K., & Shiffrar, M. (2005). Recognizing people from their movement. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 31, 210–220. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.31.1.210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maier, J. X., Neuhoff, J. G., Logothetis, N. K., & Ghazanfar, A. A. (2004). Multisensory integration of looming signals by rhesus monkeys. Neuron, 43, 177–181. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.06.027

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Montepare, J. M., Goldstein, S. B., & Clausen, A. (1987). The identification of emotions from gait information. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 11, 33–42. doi:10.1007/BF00999605

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montepare, J. M., & Zebrowitz-McArthur, L. (1988). Impressions of people created by age-related qualities of their gaits. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 55, 547–556. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.55.4.547

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neuhoff, J. G. (1998). Perceptual bias for rising tones. Nature, 395, 123–124. doi:10.1038/25862

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pollick, F. E., Kay, J. W., Heim, K., & Stringer, R. (2005). Gender recognition from point-light walkers. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 31, 1247–1265. doi:10.1037/ 0096-1523.31.6.1247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schiff, W., Caviness, J. A., & Gibson, J. J. (1962). Persistent fear responses in rhesus monkeys to the optical stimulus of “looming”. Science, 136, 982–983. doi:10.1126/science.136.3520.982

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schouten, B., & Verfaillie, K. (2010). Determining the point of subjective ambiguity of ambiguous biological-motion figures with perspective cues. Behavior Research Methods, 42, 161–167. doi:10.3758/ BRM.42.1.161

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Troje, N. F. (2002). Decomposing biological motion: A framework for analyses and synthesis of human gait patterns. Journal of Vision, 2, 371–387. doi:10.1167/2.5.2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Troje, N. F. (2008). Retrieving information from human movement patterns. In T. F. Shipley & J. M. Zacks (Eds.), Understanding events: How humans see, represent, and act on events (pp. 308–334). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Troje, N. F., Sadr, J., Geyer, H., & Nakayama, K. (2006). Adaptation aftereffects in the perception of gender from biological motion. Journal of Vision, 6, 850–857. doi:10.1167/6.8.7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Troje, N. F., & Szabo, S. (2006, May). Why is the average walker male? Poster presented at the Vision Sciences Society meeting, Sarasota, FL.

  • van der Zwan, R., Machatch, C., Kozlowski, D., Troje, N. F., Blanke, O., & Brooks, A. (2009). Gender bending: Auditory cues affect visual judgements of gender in biological motion displays. Experimental Brain Research, 198, 373–382. doi:10.1007/s00221-009-1800-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vanrie, J., Dekeyser, M., & Verfaillie, K. (2004). Bistability and biasing effects in the perception of an ambiguous point-light walker. Perception, 33, 547–560. doi:10.1068/p5004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vanrie, J., & Verfaillie, K. (2004). Perception of biological motion: A stimulus set of human point-light actions. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36, 625–629.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vanrie, J., & Verfaillie, K. (2006). Perceiving depth in point-light actions. Perception & Psychophysics, 68, 601–612.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vanrie, J., & Verfaillie, K. (2008). Perceptual coupling of multiple point-light figures. Visual Cognition, 16, 585–615. doi:10.1080/ 13506280701269334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wichmann, F. A., & Hill, N. J. (2001a). The psychometric function: I. Fitting, sampling, and goodness of fit. Perception & Psychophysics, 63, 1293–1313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wichmann, F. A., & Hill, N. J. (2001b). The psychometric function: II. Bootstrap-based confidence intervals and sampling. Perception & Psychophysics, 63, 1314–1329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000, Leuven, Belgium

    Ben Schouten & Karl Verfaillie

  2. Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

    Nikolaus F. Troje

  3. Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia

    Anna Brooks & Rick van der Zwan

Authors
  1. Ben Schouten
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nikolaus F. Troje
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Anna Brooks
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rick van der Zwan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Karl Verfaillie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ben Schouten.

Additional information

This research was supported by the Scientific Research Fund-Flanders, FWO G.0621.07 to K.V., and grants from NSERC and CIFAR to N.F.T.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Schouten, B., Troje, N.F., Brooks, A. et al. The facing bias in biological motion perception: Effects of stimulus gender and observer sex. Atten Percept Psychophys 72, 1256–1260 (2010). https://doi.org/10.3758/APP.72.5.1256

Download citation

  • Received: 23 November 2009

  • Accepted: 26 February 2010

  • Issue Date: July 2010

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/APP.72.5.1256

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

Keywords

  • Biological Motion
  • Orthographic Projection
  • Female Observer
  • Biological Motion Perception
  • Male Observer
Download PDF

Working on a manuscript?

Avoid the common mistakes

Advertisement

search

Navigation

  • Find a journal
  • Publish with us

Discover content

  • Journals A-Z
  • Books A-Z

Publish with us

  • Publish your research
  • Open access publishing

Products and services

  • Our products
  • Librarians
  • Societies
  • Partners and advertisers

Our imprints

  • Springer
  • Nature Portfolio
  • BMC
  • Palgrave Macmillan
  • Apress
  • Your US state privacy rights
  • Accessibility statement
  • Terms and conditions
  • Privacy policy
  • Help and support

44.197.101.251

Not affiliated

Springer Nature

© 2023 Springer Nature