Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Beyond waist circumference in an adult male population of Southern Italy: Is there any role for subscapular skinfold thickness in the relationship between insulin-like growth factor-I system and metabolic parameters?

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background: Apart from waist circumference, other adiposity measures, such as subscapular skin fold (SST), arouse growing interest due to their relationship to metabolic complications and cardiovascular risk. The IGF-I system is deregulated in obese subjects in proportion to their degree of visceral adiposity. Aim: To examine the association among IGF-I, IGF-binding protein (BP)-1 and -3 levels and different measures of adiposity in a sample of adult male population in Southern Italy. Materials and methods: A complete database for this analysis was available for 229 (age range 50–82 yr) participating at 2002–2004 Olivetti Heart Study follow-up. Results: After adjustment for age, IGF-I was inversely associated with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (p<0.05). IGFBP-1 was inversely associated with BMI, waist circumference, SST, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, fat mass. HOMA index, age, and SST significantly predicted the IGFBP-1 plasma levels, with 24% of IGFBP-1 variability explained at a linear regression analysis. Conclusions: IGFBP-1 inversely correlated to adiposity and HOMA index. Among adiposity indexes, SST was the best predictor of IGFBP-1 levels. The evaluation of some components of the IGF system, and simple measures of body adiposity, such as SST, may represent a further tool to better evidence phenotype profiles associated to the pathogenetic mechanism of cardiovascular risk factor clustering in male adults.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Vikram NK, Pandey RM, Misra A, Goel K, Gupta N. Factor analysis of the metabolic syndrome components in urban Asian Indian adolescents. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2009, 18: 293–300.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Mensink M, Feskens EJ, Kruijshoop M, de Bruin TW, Saris WH, Blaak EE. Subscapular skinfold thickness distinguishes between transient and persistent impaired glucose tolerance: Study on Lifestyle-Intervention and Impaired Glucose Tolerance Maastricht (SLIM). Diabetic Med 2003, 20: 552–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Kromhout D, Bloemberg B, Seidell JC, Nissinen A, Menotti A. Physical activity and dietary fiber determine population body fat levels: the Seven Countries Study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001, 25: 301–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Misra A, Wasir JS, Pandey RM. An evaluation of candidate definitions of the metabolic syndrome in adult Asian Indians. Diabetes Care 2005, 28: 398–403.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Faupel-Badger JM, Berrigan D, Ballard-Barbash R, Potischman N. Anthropometric correlates of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) levels by race/ethnicity and gender. Ann Epidemiol 2009, 19: 841–9.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Parekh N, Roberts CB, Vadiveloo M, Puvananayagam T, Albu JB, Lu-Yao GL. Lifestyle, anthropometric, and obesity-related physiologic determinants of insulin-like growth factor-1 in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994). Ann Epidemiol 2010, 20: 182–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Rasmussen MH. Obesity, growth hormone and weight loss. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010, 316: 147–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Lewitt MS, Hilding A, Brismar K, Efendic S, Ostenson CG, Hall K. IGF-binding protein 1 and abdominal obesity in the development of type 2 diabetes in women. Eur J Endocrinol 2010, 163: 233–42.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Lombardi G, Di Somma C, Rota F, Colao A. Associated hormonal decline in aging: is there a role for GH therapy in aging men? J Endocrinol Invest 2005, 28 (3 Suppl): 99–108.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Franco C, Bengtsson BA, Johannsson G. The GH/IGF-1 Axis in Obesity: Physiological and Pathological Aspects. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2006, 4: 51–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Sandhu MS, Heald AH, Gibson JM, Cruickshank JK, Dunger DB, Wareham NJ. Circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I and development of glucose intolerance: a prospective observational study. Lancet 2002, 359: 1740–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Frystyk J. Free insulin-like growth factors — measurements and relationships to growth hormone secretion and glucose homeostasis. Growth Horm IGF Res 2004, 14: 337–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Rajpathak SN, Gunter MJ, Wylie-Rosett J, et al. The role of insulinlike growth factor-I and its binding proteins in glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2009, 25: 3–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Ruan W, Lai M. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein: a possible marker for the metabolic syndrome? Acta Diabetol 2010, 47: 5–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Yeap BB, Chubb SA, Ho KK, et al. IGF1 and its binding proteins 3 and 1 are differentially associated with metabolic syndrome in older men. Eur J Endocrinol 2010, 162: 249–57.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Laughlin GA, Barrett-Connor E, Criqui MH, Kritz-Silverstein D. The prospective association of serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-1 levels with all cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in older adults: the Rancho Bernardo Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004, 89: 114–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Yeap BB, Chubb SA, McCaul KA, et al. Associations of IGF1 and IGFBPs 1 and 3 with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older men: the Health In Men Study. Eur J Endocrinol 2011, 164: 715–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Colao A, Di Somma C, Cascella T, et al. Relationships between serum IGF1 levels, blood pressure, and glucose tolerance: an observational, exploratory study in 404 subjects. Eur J Endocrinol 2008, 159: 389–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P, Farinaro E, Trevisan M. Uric acid metabolism and tubular sodium handling: results from a population based study. JAMA 1993, 270: 354–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Galletti F, Barbato A, Versiero M, et al. Circulating leptin levels predict the development of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged men: an 8-year follow-up study. J Hypertens 2007, 25: 1671–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and β-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 1985, 28: 412–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Oscarsson J, Johannsson G, Johansson JO, Lundberg PA, Lindstedt G, Bengtsson BA. Diurnal variation in serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding protein-3 concentrations during daily subcutaneous injections of recombinant human growth hormone in GH-deficient adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997, 46: 63–8.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Savastano S, Di Somma C, Belfiore A, et al. Growth hormone status in morbidly obese subjects and correlation with body composition. J Endocrinol Invest 2006, 29: 536–43.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Juul A. Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor I and its binding proteins in health and disease. Growth Horm IGF Res 2003, 13: 113–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Petersson U, Ostgren CJ, Brudin L, Brismar K, Nilsson PM. Low levels of insulin-like growth-factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP1) are prospectively associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT): the Söderåkra Cardiovascular Risk Factor Study. Diabetes Metab 2009, 35: 198–205.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Mogul HR, Marshall M, Frey M et al. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 as a marker for hyperinsulinemia in obese menopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996, 81: 4492–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Gibson JM, Westwood M, Young RJ, White A. Reduced insulinlike growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) levels correlate with increased cardiovascular risk in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996, 81: 860–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Wolk K, Larsson SC, Vessby B, Wolk A, Brismar K. Metabolic, anthropometric, and nutritional factors as predictors of circulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 levels in middle-aged and elderly men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004, 89: 1879–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Hu D, Pawlikowska L, Kanaya A, et al; Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 binding proteins 1 and 2 and mortality in older adults: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009, 57: 1213–8.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Pouliot MC, Després JP, Lemieux S, et al. Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: best simple anthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women. Am J Cardiol 1994, 73: 460–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Haffner SM, Stern MP, Hazuda HP, Pugh J, Patterson JK. Do upper-body and centralized adiposity measure different aspects of regional body-fat distribution? Relationship to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, lipids, and lipoproteins. Diabetes 1987, 36: 43–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Jensen MD. Is visceral fat involved in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome? Human model. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006, 14(Suppl 1): 20S–4S.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Bays HE. Adiposopathy is “sick fat” a cardiovascular disease? J Am Coll Cardiol 2011, 57: 2461–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Lukanova A, Söderberg S, Stattin P, et al. Nonlinear relationship of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-I/IGF-binding protein-3 ratio with indices of adiposity and plasma insulin concentrations (Sweden). Cancer Causes Control 2002, 13: 509–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Savastano S, Angrisani L, Di Somma C, et al. Relationship between growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis integrity and voluntary weight loss after gastric banding surgery for severe obesity. Obes Surg 2010, 20: 211–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Chisalita SI, Dahlström U, Arnqvist HJ, Alehagen U. Increased IGF1 levels in relation to heart failure and cardiovascular mortality in an elderly population: impact of ACE inhibitors. Eur J Endocrinol 2011, 165: 891–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Sierra-Johnson J, Romero-Corral A, Somers VK, et al. IGF-I/IGFBP3 ratio: a mechanistic insight into the metabolic syndrome. Clin Sci (Lond) 2009, 116: 507–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Teramukai S, Rohan T, Eguchi H, Oda T, Shinchi K, Kono S. Anthropometric and behavioral correlates of insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 in middle-aged Japanese men. Am J Epidemiol 2002, 156: 344–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Savastano S, Belfiore A, Di Somma C, et al. Validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis to estimate body composition changes after bariatric surgery in premenopausal morbidly women. Obes Surg 2010, 20: 332–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, Division of Endocrinology, University Federico II of Naples, via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy

    S. Savastano MD, PhD, G. Pizza & A. Colao

  2. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy

    A. Barbato, L. Barrea, S. Avallone, M. Schiano di Cola & P. Strazzullo

  3. IRCCS SDN Foundation, Naples, Italy

    C. Di Somma

  4. Physiology Nutrition Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy

    B. Guida

Authors
  1. S. Savastano MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Barbato
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. C. Di Somma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. B. Guida
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. G. Pizza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. L. Barrea
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. S. Avallone
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. M. Schiano di Cola
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. P. Strazzullo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. A. Colao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Savastano MD, PhD.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Savastano, S., Barbato, A., Di Somma, C. et al. Beyond waist circumference in an adult male population of Southern Italy: Is there any role for subscapular skinfold thickness in the relationship between insulin-like growth factor-I system and metabolic parameters?. J Endocrinol Invest 35, 925–929 (2012). https://doi.org/10.3275/8511

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3275/8511

Key-words

Search

Navigation