Abstract
The numerous results obtained in radio physics using fractal theory, fractional dimension, and fractional operators have been briefly classified taking into account the scaling effects of real radio signals and electromagnetic fields. A universal modeling environment based on a multilayer virtual generalized distributed RLCG element and the method of generalized finite distributed elements for analysis and synthesis of models of fractional objects and processes that possess fractional power dependence of the input impedance on frequency have been proposed. Examples of synthesis of one- and two-dimensional models are given. It is shown that nonlinear, parametrical, and other properties of modeled objects can be taken into consideration by means of the vectors of electrophysical parameters of layers and design factors.
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References
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A. A. Potapov, T. V. Galkina, A. I. Kolesnikov, T. I. Orlova, and Ya. L. Hlyavich, “Linearly Modeled References in the Correlation Recognition of Statistical Texture Fields,” in Proceedings of the 10th All-Union Scientific-Technical Conference “Statistical Methods in the Theory of Information Signal Transfer and Transformation”, Lvov, October 4–6, 1988 (KIIGA, Kiev, 1988), p. 143 [in Russian].
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T. V. Galkina, T. I. Orlova, A. A. Potapov, and Ya. L. Khlyavich, “Machine Method for Detecting Distortions in Texture Patterns,” in Proceedings of the 1st All-Union Conference “Physics and Conversion”, Kaliningrad, January 3–5, 1991 (Fiz. Obshch. SSSR, Moscow, 1991), p. 97 [in Russian].
A. A. Potapov and A. I. Kolesnikov, “Analysis of the Images of Earth’s Mantle Textures in Optical and Millimeter Waves in the Range of Spatial Frequencies,” in Proceedings of the 4th All-Union School on Propagation of Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves in Atmosphere, Nizhni Novgorod, September 3–10, 1991 (NIRFI, Nizhni Novgorod, 1991), p. 255 [in Russian].
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A. A. Potapov, “On the Meteorological Decoding of Mesostructures of Microwave Images,” in Proceedings of the International Scientific-Technical Conference “Statistical Methods in the Theory of Information Signal Transfer and Transformation”, Kiev, February 25–27, 1992 (KIIGA, Kiev, 1992), p. 106 [in Russian]..
A. A. Potapov and A. I. Kolesnikov, “Correlation Characteristics for Earth Surface Images,” J. Commun. Technol. Electron. 38(7), 1270 (1993).
A. A. Potapov and A. I. Kolesnikov, “Spectral Characteristics of the Earth Surface Images,” J. Commun. Technol. Electron. 38(10), 1851 (1993).
A. A. Potapov and Yu. V. Opalenov, “Long-Term Millimeter-Wave Measurements of the Earth’s Mantle Scattering Characteristics Using a Helicopter,” Elektromagnitnye Volny i Elektronnye Sistemy. 2(3), 71 (1997).
A. A. Potapov, “On the Statistical Characteristics of the Field of Scattering of Millimeter Radio Waves by Vegetable Cover,” in Proceedings of the All-Union Conference on the Near-Earth Propagation of Radio Waves and Electromagnetic Compatibility, Ulan-Ude, July 24–27, 1990 (Buryat. Sci. Center Sib. Otd. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ulan-Ude, 1990), p. 169 [in Russian].
A. A. Potapov, “Spatial and Temporal ESR Characteristics of Earth’s Surface in the Millimeter Wave Range,” in Proceedings of the 16th All-Union Conference on Propagation of Radio Waves, Kharkov, October 2–5, 1990 (Kharkov Polytech. Inst., Kharkov, 1990). Pt. 2, p. 33 [in Russian].
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V. A. Pavel’ev and A. A. Potapov, “Influence of the Ground Surface on the Structure of a Pulse Signal in Millimeter Wavelength Band,” J. Commun. Technol. Electron. 39(4), 573 (1994).
A. A. Potapov, “Topology of Sample,” Nelineynyi Mir. 2(1), 4 (2004).
A. A. Potapov, “Fractals, Scaling and Power-Law Distributions in New Information Technologies of Data Processing and Control in Emergency and Extreme Situations,” in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference “Data Processing and Control in Emergency and Extreme Situations”, Minsk, October 24–26, 2006 (United Inst. Inform. Problems, Natl. Acad. Sci. Belarus, Minsk, 2006). Vol. 2, p. 7 [in Russian].
A. A. Potapov and Yu. K. Fedorova, “Results of the Experimental Study of the Morphological Elements of Human Skin by Fractal Methods,” in Proceedings of the International Scientific-Technical Conference “Multiprocessor Computational and Control Systems-2007”, Performed within the International Scientific-Technical Multiconference “Problems of Information and Computer Technologies and Mechatronics” (ICTM-2007), Gelendzhik, September 24–29, 2007 (Taganrog Inst. Technol., Southern Federal Univ., Taganrog, 2007). Vol. 2, p. 161 [in Russian].
Yu. V. Opalenov, A. A. Potapov, and S. Yu. Fedyunin, “Formation of Complex Phase-Shift Keyed Signals in Remote Sensing Problems,” in Proceedings of the Scientific-Technical Conference “Complex Signal Formation”, Suzdal, November 28–December 1, 1988 (Soyuz NIO SSSR, Moscow, 1988), p. 49 [in Russian].
Yu. V. Opalenov, A. A. Potapov, and S. Yu. Fedyunin, “Radiophysical Measuring Facility with a Complex Phase-Shift Keyed Signal for Studying Natural Resources: Principles of Construction and Analysis of Experimental Results,” in Proceedings of the 2nd All-Union Scientific-Technical Conference “Theory and Technique of Spatial and Temporal Processing of Signals”, Sverdlovsk, November 6–10, 1989 (Ural Polytech. Inst., Sverdlovsk, 1989), p. 110 [in Russian].
S. V. Dmitriev, Yu. V. Opalenov, A. A. Potapov, and S. Yu. Fedyunin, “On Remote Sensing of Earth’s Mantle by Matched Radiophysical Systems with Quasi-Continuous Noise-Like Phase-Shift Keyed Signal,” in Proceedings of the All-Union Conference “Remote Sensing of Agrisoil and Aqueous Resources”, Barnaul, October 16–18, 1990 (Altai State Univ., Barnaul, 1990), p. 17 [in Russian].
Yu. V. Opalenov, A. A. Potapov, and S. Yu. Fedyunin, “Radio-Physical Measuring Complex with a Complex PSK Signal in the Millimeter-Wave Range,” Radio Eng. Electron. No. 11, 67 (1991).
A. A. Potapov, “Scattering Properties of Biological Objects in the Microwave Range,” in Proceedings of the Scientific-Technical Conference “Biomedical and Ecological Instrument Making”, Ryazan, June 2–4, 1992 (Ryazan, Moscow, 1992), p. 34 [in Russian].
Yu. V. Opalenov, A. A. Potapov, and S. Yu. Fedyunin, “Radiophysical Digital Probing Systems with a Complex Phase-Shift Keyed Millimeter-Wave Signal,” in Proceedings of the Scientific-Technical Seminar “Propagation and Diffraction of Electromagnetic Waves in Inhomogeneous Media”, Smolensk, June 2–4, 1992 (Izd. Popov RNTO RES, Moscow Phys.-Tech. Inst., Moscow, 1992), p. 166 [in Russian].
Yu. V. Opalenov, A. A. Potapov, and S. Yu. Fedyunin, “Ecological Digital Complex-Signal Radars for Remote Analysis,” in Proceedings of the 7th Scientific Conference “Application of Remote Radiophysical Methods for Studying Natural Medium”, Murom, July 7–9, 1992 (Inst. Radio-Eng. Electron. RAN, Moscow, 1992), p. 119 [in Russian].
Yu. V. Opalenov and A. A. Potapov, “Study of the Potential of Ecological Digital Radars with a Complex Phase-Shift Keyed Signal,” in Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Propagation of Radio Waves, Ul’yanovsk, September 21–24, 1993 (Ul’yanovsk Polytech. Inst., Ul’yanovsk, 1993), p. 115 [in Russian].
Yu. V. Opalenov and A. A. Potapov, “Application of Stochastic Signals and the Radon Transform to the Formation of Raster Radar Images by a Microwave Digital Radar with Fractal Data Processing,” J. Commun. Technol. Electron. 45(12), 1311 (2000).
RF Patent No. 2211461 “Method for Synthesizing Radiolocation Images and an Apparatus for This Purpose” (June 18, 2001), Byull. Izobret. No. 24 (Pt. 3), 791 (2003).
A. A. Potapov, “Fractal Methods for Data Transfer,” in Proceedings of the 3rd All-Russia Conference “Irreversible Processes in Nature and Technique”, Moscow, January 24–26, 2005 (Izd. Bauman Moscow State Tech. Univ., Moscow, 2005), p. 252 [in Russian].
A. A. Potapov, “Methods for Constructing Fractal Signals and Fractal Methods for Data Transfer,” in Proceedings of the 5th International Scientific Conference “Chaos and Structure in Nonlinear Systems. Theory and Experiment”, Kazakhstan, Astana, June 15–17, 2006 (Izd. Gumilyov Eurasian Natl. Univ., Astana, 2006). Pt. 2, p. 277 [in Russian].
Yu. V. Gulyaev, S. A. Nikitov, A. A. Potapov, and A. G. Davydov, “Design of Fractal Radio Systems: Numerical Analysis of Electromagnetic Properties of the Sierpinski Fractal Antenna,” J. Commun. Technol. Electron. 50(9), 988 (2000).
A. A. Potapov and V. A. Potapov, “Fractal Antennas: Analysis, Synthesis, and New Applications in Radiophysics and Radio Electronics,” in Proceedings of the 4th International Interdisciplinary Symposium “Fractals and Applied Synergetics (FAS-05)”, Moscow, November 14–17, 2005 (Interkontakt-Nauka, Baikov Inst. Metall. Mater. Sci. RAN, Moscow, 2005), p. 113 [in Russian].
A. A. Potapov, V. A. German, and V. A. Potapov, “Fractal Antennas, Fractal Detectors of Weak Signals, and Fractal Frequency-Selective Structures as a Basis of New Radioelectronic Systems and Devices,” in Proceedings of the Moscow Conference “Fundamental and Applied Problems of Modern Physics” within the Russian Scientific Forum “Demidov Readings”, Moscow, Febriary 25–28, 2006 (Lebedev Phys. Inst. RAN, Moscow, 2006), p. 132 [in Russian].
A. A. Potapov, “Modern Classes of Fractal Antennas and Fractal Frequency Selective Surfaces and Volumes,” in Abstracts International Seminar “Days on Diffraction-2006”, Russia, St. Petersburg, May 30–June 2, 2006 (St. Petersburg State Univ., St. Petersburg, 2006), p. 84.
A. A. Potapov, “Fractal Antennas, Fractal Detectors of Weak Signals, and Fractal Frequency-Selective Structures: Development of the Unified Approach to the New Class of Radiosystems,” in Proceedings of the 1st International Scientific Conference “Global Information Systems. Problems and Tendencies of Development”, Tuapse, October 3–6, 2006 (Kharkov Natl. Univ. Radioelectron., Kharkov, 2006), p. 406 [in Russian].
V. V. Kolesov, S. V. Krupenin, and A. A. Potapov, “Numerical Simulation of Ultrabroadband Fractal Antennas,” NelineinyiMir. 4(4–5), 188 (2006).
A. A. Potapov, E. N. Matveev, and V. A. Potapov, “Rigorous Numerical Analysis of the Characteristics of a Fractal Antenna of the Cayley-Tree Type in Vertical and Horizontal Polarizations of Radiation,” in Proceedings of the 15th International Student School-Seminar “New Information Technologies”, Crimea, Sudak, May 20–27, 2007 (Moscow State Inst. Electron. Mathem., Moscow, 2007), p. 143 [in Russian].
A. A. Potapov, “Conception of Scaling, Fractional Dimension and Deterministic Chaos in Radio Physics and Radio Electronics,” in Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium “Physics and Engineering of Millimeter and Sub-Millimeter Waves” (MSMW’2007), Ukraine, Kharkov, June 25–30, 2007 (Inst. Radiophys. Electron. Natl. Acad. Sci. Ukraine, Kharkov, 2007). Vol. 2, p. 965.
A. A. Potapov, “The Theory of Fractals and Fractional Dimension in Physics and Technique of Wave Processes,” in Proceedings of the 17th International Crimean Conference “Microwave Technique and Telecommunication Technologies KryMiKo’2007”, Sevastopol, September 10–14, 2007 (Veber, Sevastopol, 2007). Vol. 1, p. 26 [in Russian].
A. A. Potapov, E. N. Matveev, V. A. Potapov, and A. V. Laktyunkin, “Mathematical and Physics Modelling of Fractal Antennas and Fractal Frequency Selective Surfaces and Volumes for the Fractal Radio Systems,” in Proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Antennas and Propagation EuCAP-2007, November 11–16, 2007, The EICC, Edinburgh, UK (Inst. Eng. Technol. & EurAAP AISBL, Edinburgh, 2007), ThPA.031.pdf.
Yu. V. Gulyaev, S. A. Nikitov, A. A. Potapov, and E. N. Matveev, “Fractals in Photon-Magnetic Crystals,” in Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Spin-Electronics, Firsanovka, Moscow Oblast, December 19–21, 2003 (MPEI (Tech. Univ.), Moscow, 2003), p. 7 [in Russian].
A. A. Potapov and O. F. Vyacheslavova, “The Estimation of Surfaces Based on Fractal Dimensions and Signatures,” Surveys in Applied and Industrial Mathematics. 11(4), p. 901 (2004).
V. V. Bulavkin, A. A. Potapov, and O. F. Vyacheslavova, “Synergetic Approach in the Problem of Qualitative and Quantitative Estimation of the Microrelief of Processed Product Surface on the Base of Fractal Signature,” Nelineinyi Mir. 3(1–2), p. 128 (2005).
A. A. Potapov, V. V. Bulavkin, V. A. German, and O. F. Vyacheslavova, “Fractal Signature Methods for Profiling of Processed Surfaces,” Tech. Phys. 50(5), 560 (2005).
V. V. Bulavkin, A. A. Potapov, V. A. German, and O. F. Vyacheslavova, “The Theory of Fractals in Problem of Estimation Surfaces,” Tyazheloe Mashinostroenie. No. 6, 19 (2005).
Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Fractals in Physics, ICTP, Trieste, Italy, July 9–12, 1985, Ed. by L. Pietronero and E. Tosatti (North-Holland, Amsterdam, N. Y., 1986).
S. A. Podosenov, A. A. Potapov, and A. A. Sokolov, Pulse Electrodynamics of Wideband Radio Systems, Ed. by A. A. Potapov (Radiotekhnika, Moscow, 2003) [in Russian].
S. A. Podosenov, A. A. Potapov, and E. R. Men’kova, “New Analytical Electromagnetic Field Calculation Method from Traveling CurrentWaves,” Nelineynyi Mir. 5(12), 725 (2007).
A. A. Potapov, E. M. Il’yin, E. P. Chigin, and V. A. German, “Development and Structure of the First Etalon Dictionary of Fractal Properties of Target Classes,” Electromagn. Phenom. 5(2(15)), 107 (2005).
A. A. Potapov, “Development and Structure of the Ensemble of Fractal Signs of Classes of Targets for Problems of Linear and Nonlinear Radiolocation,” in Nonlinear Radiolocation, Ed. by A. A. Gorbachev, A. P. Koldanov, A. A. Potapov, and E. P. Chigin (Collection of Books of the Journal “Nelineinyi Mir”: Scientific Series “Fractals. Chaos. Probability”) (Radiotekhnika, Moscow, 2006). Collection of Articles, Pt. 2, p. 19 [in Russian].
A. A. Potapov and V. A. German, “Methods of Measuring the Fractal Dimension and Fractal Signatures of a Multidimensional Stochastic Signal,” J. Commun. Technol. Electron. 49(12), 1370 (2004).
Yu. V. Gulyaev, S. A. Nikitov, A. A. Potapov, and V. A. German, “Application of the Fractal Theory, Fractional Measure, and Scaling Effects in Schemes of Radio Signal Detectors,” Nelineinyi Mir. 4(4–5), 165 (2006).
A. A. Potapov and V. A. German, “Fractal Non-Parametric Detector of Radio Signals,” Radiotekhnika. No. 5–6, 30 (2006).
A. A. Potapov, “State of the Art and Tendencies in Developing Breakthrough Fractal Technologies in Radiophysics and Radio Electronics,” Fizika Volnovykh Processov and Radiotekhnicheskie Sistemy. 9(3), 44 (2006).
A. A. Potapov and V. A. German, “Fractal Processing of Faint Signals and Low-Contrast Images,” Avtometriya. 42(5), 4 (2006)
Yu. V. Gulyaev, S. A. Nikitov, A. A. Potapov, and V. A. German, “Concepts of Scaling and Fractal Dimension in the Design of a Fractal Detector of Radio Signals,” J. Commun. Technol. Electron. 51(8), 909 (2006).
Yu. V. Gulyaev, S. A. Nikitov, A. A. Potapov, A. P. Reutov, V. A. German, E. M. Il’in, and E. P. Chigin, “On the Concept of Fractal Radio Systems and Fractal Element Base in Radio Electronics,” in Proceedings of the 3rd Scientific-Technical Conference “Radiooptical Technologies in Instrument Making”, Sochi, September 12–16, 2005 (Izd. BaumanMoscow State Tech. Univ., Moscow, 2005), p. 14 [in Russian].
A. A. Potapov and V. A. German, “Theory and Technique of Applying Fractals and Scaling Relations in Promising Radiolocation Systems,” in Proceedings of the 17th Scientific-Technical Conference “Radiolocation Systems and Technologies”, Moscow, November 16–17, 2006 (OAO VNIIRT, Moscow, 2007), p. 47 [in Russian].
A. A. Potapov, “Solution of Radiophysical Problems by the Methods of Fractal Theory and Fractional-Order Operators,” in Proceedings of the Adyg (Chercess) International Academy of Sciences (NII Prikladnoi Matematiki i Avtomatizatsii KBNTs RAN, Nalchik, 2007). Vol. 9, No. 1, p. 149 [in Russian].
A. A. Potapov, “The State of the Art of Breakthrough Fractal Technologies in Radio Physics and Radio Electronics,” in Proceedings of the 5th International Scientific Conference “Chaos and Structure in Nonlinear Systems. Theory and Experiment”, Kazakhstan, Astana, June 15–17, 2006 (Izd. Gumilyov Eurasian Natl. Univ., Astana, 2006). Pt. 1, p. 37 [in Russian].
A. A. Potapov, “New Concepts and Methods in Radio Physics and Radio Engineering: Synergetics, Fractals, Scaling, Deterministic Chaos,” in Proceedings of the International Interdisciplinary Scientific Conference “The Third Kurdyumov Readings: Synergetics in Natural Sciences”, Tver, April 19–22, 2007 (Tver State Univ., Tver, 2007), p. 36 [in Russian].
A. A. Potapov, “Fractal Models and Methods in the Problems of Nonlinear Physics,” in Proceedings of the International Congress “Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis-2007”, Devoted to the 150th Birthday of Academician A. M. Lyapunov, St. Petersburg, June 4–8, 2007 (Izd. St. Petersburg State Univ., St. Petersburg, 2007), p. 301 [in Russian].
A. A. Potapov, “Fractals, Fractional Operators, Scaling, and Deterministic Chaos As the Mathematical Basis of the Modern Line of Research in Physics and Technique: Part I. Signal Processing and Images,” in Proceedings of the 5th International Scientific-Technical Conference “K. E. Tsiolkovsky: on the Occasion of His Birthday. Astronautics. Radio Electronics. Geoinformatics”, Ryazan, September 5–7, 2007 (Ryazan State Radio-Tech. Inst., Ryazan, 2007), p. 197 [in Russian].
A. A. Potapov, “Fractals, Fractional Operators, Scaling, and Deterministic Chaos as the Mathematical Basis of the Modern Line of Research in Physics and Technique: Part II. Analysis and Synthesis of Fractal Impedances and Devices,” in Proceedings of the 5th International Scientific-Technical Conference “K. E. Tsiolkovsky: on the Occasion of His Birthday. Astronautics. Radio Electronics. Geoinformatics”, Ryazan, September 5–7, 2007 (Ryazan State Radio-Techn. Inst., Ryazan, 2007), p. 201 [in Russian].
A. A. Potapov, “Fractal Model and Methods Based on Scaling in Fundamental and Applied Problems of Modern Physics,” in Irreversible Processes in Nature and Technique, Ed. by V. S. Gorelik and A. N. Morozov (Bauman Moscow State Tech. Univ., Lebedev Phys. Inst., Moscow, 2007). Iss. 2, p. 107 [in Russian].
A. A. Potapov, “Fractals and Scaling in New Technologies of Data Processing and Systematic Control,” in Proceedings of the 1st International Conference “Management of Large-Scale System Development (MLSD’2007)”, Moscow, October 1–3, 2007 (Trapeznikov Inst. Control Sci. RAN, Moscow, 2007), p. 184 [in Russian].
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Potapov, A.A., Ushakov, P.A. & Gil’mutdinov, A.K. Elements, devices, and methods for fractal communication technology, electronics, and nanotechnology. Phys. Wave Phen. 18, 119–142 (2010). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1541308X10020068
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1541308X10020068