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Physiological and Biochemical Features of Drought Resistance of Potato Plants

  • CROP PRODUCTION, PLANT PROTECTION, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
  • Published:
Russian Agricultural Sciences Aims and scope

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between drought resistance indicators and the yield of potato plants under unfavorable conditions. A xeromorphic leaf structure is considered to be a diagnostic sign of plant drought resistance. The objects of the study were 24 potato varieties. Planting of seeds, preplanting tillage, harvesting, and crop recording were carried out in the period of 2020–2022 on the territory of the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture (branch of the Samara Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences). Growing conditions for 2021 and 2022 were characterized by elevated temperatures and insufficient moisture. The number and size of stomata per unit leaf area were chosen as the criterion for xeromorphism. The studied varieties were divided into two groups (n = 12 each) according to the number of stomata. In the first group, the average number of stomata was 26 000 pcs./cm2 of leaf, and that in the second group was 35 000 pcs. (F = 41, p = 0.03). More developed structural features of xeromorphism and the accumulation of certain types of metabolites in the second group of varieties led to a 1.6 times greater yield than in the first less xeromorphic group (F = 9, p = 0.004). The second group was characterized by a large number of mesophyll cells per unit leaf area (584 000 pcs./cm2 vs. 557 000 pcs.), high content of phospholipids (36 mg/g dry weight vs. 31 mg/g), dry weight (0.19 vs. 0.17 g/g wet weight), and the ratio of membrane lipids to membrane proteins (1.4 vs. 1.2). In the less xeromorphic group of plants, the level of oxidative stress, assessed by LPO products, was 0.050 μM/g fresh weight and was 12% higher than in the more xeromorphic group (F = 6, p = 0.08). The revealed positive correlation between yield and xeromorphic genotypes indicates the prospects of using this criterion in potato breeding or creating a variety model.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 23-26-10020).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Samara Federal Research Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 445003, Togliatti, Russia

    O. A. Rozentsvet, E. S. Bogdanova & V. N. Nesterov

  2. Samara Federal Research Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tulajkov Samara Scientific Research Agriculture Institute, 446254, Samara, Russia

    S. L. Rubtsov, A. L. Bakunov & A. V. Milekhin

Authors
  1. O. A. Rozentsvet
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  2. E. S. Bogdanova
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  3. S. L. Rubtsov
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  4. A. L. Bakunov
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  5. A. V. Milekhin
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  6. V. N. Nesterov
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Correspondence to O. A. Rozentsvet.

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Translated by V. Mittova

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Rozentsvet, O.A., Bogdanova, E.S., Rubtsov, S.L. et al. Physiological and Biochemical Features of Drought Resistance of Potato Plants. Russ. Agricult. Sci. 50, 1–6 (2024). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068367424010099

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