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The Contribution of Chemical, Organic and Bio-Fertilizers on Rice Production in Iran: A Meta-analysis

  • SOIL SCIENCE
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Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important global food crop and a main source of calories for about 60% of the world population. Fertilizers are essential components of modern agriculture and play a vital role in improving rice and other crops yield. We performed a meta-analysis to determine how different types of fertilizers including chemical (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), 18 potassium (K), silicon (Si), and micronutrients), organic (compost and manure) and bio-fertilizers (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and fungi (PGPF)) influence on rice productivity in Iran. A significantly positive overall effect of fertilizers was noted on biological yield (28.39%), grain yield (26.02%), harvest index (3.17%) and 1000-grain weight (4.86%). Chemical, organic and bio-fertilizers positively influenced grain yield by 26.78, 15.20 and 26.61%, respectively. Among all types of fertilizers, N has the most important role in rice production and responsible for 38% of yield. For N and P, the most increase of yield (47.60 and 20.52%, respectively) had been calculated in high fertilization rates (>120 and >80 kg h–1, respectively), while the highest rice yield was obtained from moderate K and Si fertilization rates (40–80 and 250–500 kg ha–1, respectively). Therefore, it seems that lower rates of K and Si fertilizers could be used in paddy fields for reaching optimum yield. Overall, this meta-analysis indicated that about 27, 15, and 27% of rice yield is attributable to chemical, organic and bio-fertilizers, respectively.

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Funding

This research is supported by the Rice Research Institute of Iran, Mazandaran Branch, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Amol, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rice Research Institute of Iran, Mazandaran Branch, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Amol, Iran

    Rahman Erfani

  2. Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

    Yasser Yaghoubian

  3. Department of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

    Hemmatollah Pirdashti

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  1. Rahman Erfani
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  2. Yasser Yaghoubian
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  3. Hemmatollah Pirdashti
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Correspondence to Rahman Erfani.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies involving animals or human participants performed by any of the authors.

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Rahman Erfani, Yaghoubian, Y. & Pirdashti, H. The Contribution of Chemical, Organic and Bio-Fertilizers on Rice Production in Iran: A Meta-analysis. Russ. Agricult. Sci. 46, 596–601 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068367420060130

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068367420060130

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