Skip to main content
Log in

Theoretical Study on the Relationship between Transmission Intensity and Tensile Force of Helical Long-Period Fiber Grating at Fixed Wavelength

  • Published:
Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This article uses the coupled-mode theory to analyze transmission intensity and the relationship between the tensile force at the fixed wavelength. It is found that the transmission intensity and tensile force are linearly related. In the experiment, helical long-period fiber grating is fabricated by a welding machine. The relationship between the transmission intensity and the tensile force at 1530 nm wavelength is investigated experimentally, and results are consistent with the theory. In addition, we also study the tensile force properties of three groups of different wavelengths and get the same conclusion. So many wavelengths in this relationship can be measured. This theory plays a guiding role in the research of new spiral fiber grating tension sensors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Yan, Z.H., Zhang, Z., and Zhai, T., Measurement of leakage current and tension based on fiber Bragg grating, Opt. Express, 2021, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 3772–3785. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.415693

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. Wei, L., Huang, Y., and Yong, X., Highly sensitive fiber Bragg grating refractive index sensors, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2005, vol. 86, no. 15, pp. 647–88. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1904716

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Martinez, A., La, Y., and Dubov, M., Vector bending sensors based on fibre Bragg gratings inscribed by infrared femtosecond laser, Electron. Lett., 2005, vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 472–474. https://doi.org/10.1049/el:20058278

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. Zhang, W. and Li, E., Temperature-independent FBG-type torsion sensor, Proc. SPIE – Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 2005, vol. 6019, p. 601919. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.634919

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Hao, Z. and Bai, Y.F., Method for temperature measurement of taper long-period fiber Bragg grating, Opt. Eng., 2021, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.60.5.050501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Sun, B., Wei, W., Liao, C.R., Zhang, L., and Zhang, Z.X., Automatic arc discharge-induced helical long period fiber gratings and its sensing applications, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 2017, vol. 29, no. 99, pp. 873–876. https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2017.2693361

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Rao, Y., Ran, Z., and Liao, X., Hybrid LPFG/MEFPI sensor for simultaneous measurement of high-temperature and strain, Opt. Express, 2007, vol. 15, no. 22, pp. 14936–14941. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.15.014936

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Liang, Z., Liu, Y., and Zhao, Y., High sensitivity twist sensor based on helical long-period grating written in two-mode fiber, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 2016, vol. 28, no. 15, pp. 1629–1632. https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2016.2555326

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bing, S., Wei, W., and Liao, C., Automatic arc discharge-induced helical long period fiber gratings and its sensing applications, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 2017, vol. 29, no. 99, pp. 873–876. https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2017.2693361

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Subramanian, R., Zhu, C., and Zhao, H., Torsion, strain, and temperature sensor based on helical long-period fiber gratings, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 2017, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 327–330. https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2017.2787157

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bai, Y.F., He, Z.L., and Bai, J.Y., Axial strain measurement based on dual-wavelength ratio for helical long-period grating, IEEE Sens. Lett., 2020, vol. 4, no. 11, p. 1500803. https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2020.3035519

  12. Bai, Y.F., He, Z.L., and Dang, S.H., Twist measurement based on dual-wavelength ratio for helical long-period grating, Indian J. Phys., 2022, vol. 96, pp. 2525–2529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-021-02177-z

  13. Erdogan, T., Fiber grating spectra, J. Lightwave Technol., 1997, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 1277–1294. https://doi.org/10.1109/50.618322

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Erdogan, T., Cladding-mode resonances in short- and long-period fiber grating filters, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 2000, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 1760–1773. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.17.002113

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Yamada, M. and Sakuda, K., Analysis of almost-periodic distributed feedback slab waveguides via a fundamental matrix approach, Appl. Opt., 1987, vol. 26, no. 16, p. 3474. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.26.003474

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. Chern, W.G. and Wang, L.A., Transfer-matrix method based on perturbation expansion for periodic and quasi-periodic binary long-period gratings, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 1999, vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 2675–2689. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.16.002675

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. Bouzid, A. and Abushagur, M., Scattering analysis of slanted fiber gratings, Appl. Opt., 1997, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 558–562. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.36.000558

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. Poladian, L., Graphical and WKB analysis of nonuniform Bragg gratings, Phys. Rev. E, 1993, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 4758–4767. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.48.4758

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. Peral, E. and Capmany, J., Generalized Bloch wave analysis for fiber and waveguide gratings, J. Lightwave Technol., 1997, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 1295–1302. https://doi.org/10.1109/50.618325

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. Kopp, V.I. and Genack, A.Z., Double-helix chiral fibers, Opt. Lett., 2003, vol. 28, no. 20, pp. 1876–1878. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.28.001876

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. Mizrahi, V. and Sipe, J.E., Optical properties of photosensitive fiber phase gratings, J. Lightwave Technol., 1993, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 1513–1517. https://doi.org/10.1109/50.249888

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. Wang, P. and Li, H., Helical long-period grating formed in a thinned fiber and its application to a refractometric sensor, Appl. Opt., 2016, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 1430–1434. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.55.001430

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. Wang, Y.P. and Jin, W., Strain characteristics of CO2-laser-carved long period fiber gratings, Quantum Electron. IEEE J., 2007, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.2006.886809

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. Fu, C., Wang, Y., Liu, S., Bai, Z., Tang, J., Shao, L., and Liu, X., Transverse-load, strain, temperature, and torsion sensors based on a helical photonic crystal fiber, Opt. Lett., 2019, vol. 44, no. 8, pp. 1984–1987. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.44.001984

  25. Humbert, G. and Malki, A., Characterizations at very high temperature of electric arc-induced long-period fiber gratings, Opt. Commun., 2002, vol. 208, no. 4–6, pp. 329–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0030-4018(02)01632-2

Download references

Funding

The work is support by the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission of China (KJQN202001420) and (KJZDM202001401). The University Innovation Research Group of Shale Gas Optical Fiber Intelligent Sensing Technology (CXQT20027). Cooperative Projects between Undergraduate Universities in Chongqing and Institutes affiliated with Chinese Academy of Sciences (no. HZ2021014).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yunfeng Bai.

Ethics declarations

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tang, Y., Huang, J., Lv, K. et al. Theoretical Study on the Relationship between Transmission Intensity and Tensile Force of Helical Long-Period Fiber Grating at Fixed Wavelength. Bull. Lebedev Phys. Inst. 49, 214–220 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068335622070089

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068335622070089

Keywords:

Navigation