Abstract
Studies of the extraction of impurities of calcium(II), magnesium(II), boron(III), and chloride ions from sulfate-chloride nickel solutions have been carried out. As extractants, we used di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid (D2EHPA), di-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272), trialkylamine (TAA), tributyl phosphate (TBP), and aliphatic alcohols: octanol-1, 2-ethylhexanol, and a by-product of its production—distillation residue (TPRD). According to the results of research, it was established that a mixture of 40% TAA in 2-octanone and TPRD exhibits a high extraction ability with respect to boron(III); the degree of boron extraction is 60.7 and 74.5%, respectively. The effect of the acidity of the aqueous phase and the composition of organic mixtures on the extraction ability of organophosphorus acids D2EHPA and Cyanex272 in the extraction of calcium(II) and magnesium(II) was studied. The optimal concentration of individual extractants was found to be 20 vol % in Escaid 100 solvent and the composition of the mixture (vol %) 15 (D2EHPA) + 5 (Cyanex 272). Individual D2EHPA predominantly extracts calcium(II): extraction of 62% Ca(II) and 15% Mg(II). When using Cyanex272, the extraction of magnesium(II) predominates: extraction of 59% Mg(II) and 20% Ca(II). It is shown that the extraction mixture has higher performance than individual extractants for the extraction of Ca(II) and Mg(II) from nickel solutions in the range of pH 3.0–3.5, at which the coextraction of nickel(II) is negligible. With increasing pH values, the extraction of Ca(II) decreases owing to the increasing extraction of nickel and the displacement of calcium by it from the organic phase. The results of the extraction purification of the nickel electrolyte of JSC Kola MMC with an extraction mixture in the Ni form to exclude pH adjustment at each stage of the process are presented. The experimental data obtained make it possible to conclude that the extraction purification of nickel electrolytes of JSC Kola MMC is promising, as a result of which pure solutions of nickel sulfate with a residual content of ≤0.010 g/dm3 B(III), Ca(II), Mg(II), and chloride ions were obtained.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Korneev, S.I., Nickel and electric vehicle joint projects, Tsvetn. Met. (Moscow, Russ. Fed.), 2018, no. 7, pp. 19–26.
Gindin, L.M., Ekstraktsionnye protsessy i ikh primenenie (Extraction Processes and their Application), Moscow: Nauka, 1984.
Kasikov, A.G., D’yakova, L.V., and Khomchenko, O.A., Extraction technology for obtaining pure nickel sulfate from solutions of the nickel production of the Kola MMC, Khim. Tekhnol., 2021, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 30–35.
Pashkov, G.L., Grigorieva, N.A., Pavlenko, N.I., Fleitlikh, I.Y., Nikiforova, L.K., and Pleshkov, M.A., Nickel (II) extraction from sulphate media with bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid dissolved in nonane, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 2008, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 749–763. https://doi.org/10.1080/07366290802495192
Huang, T.C. and Tsai, T.H., Extraction of nickel from sulfate solutions by (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid dissolved in kerosene, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1989, vol. 28, pp. 1557–1561. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00094a022
Buch, A., Stambouli, M., Pareau, D., and Durand, G., Solvent extraction of nickel(II) by mixture of 2-ethylhexanal oxime and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 2002, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1081/SEI-100108824U
Chauhan, S. and Patel, T., A review on solvent extraction of nickel, Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol., 2014, vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 1321–1326.
Vasserman, I.M., Khimicheskoe osazhdenie iz rastvorov (Chemical Precipitation from Solutions), Leningrad: Khimiya, 1980, pp. 181–183.
Goncharuk, V.V., Babak, Yu.V., Mel’nik, L.A., and Trachevskii, V.V., Removal of boron compounds in the process of bar membrane desalination, Khim. Tekhnol. Vody, 2011, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 518–529.
Santos, L.H., Carvalho, P.L.G., Rodrigues, G.D., and Mansur, M.B., Selective removal of calcium from sulfate solutions containing magnesium and nickel using aqueous two phase systems (ATPS), Hydrometallurgy, 2015, vol. 156, pp. 259–263. https://doi.org/10.31044/1684-5811-2021-22-1-30-35
Dutrizac, J.E. and Kuiper, A., The solubility of calcium sulphate in simulated nickel sulphate-chloride processing solutions, Hydrometallurgy, 2006, vol. 82, pp. 13–31.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2005.12.013
Souza, M. and Mansur, M., Competing solvent extraction of calcium and/or nickel with Cyanex 272 and/or D2EHPA, Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 2019, vol. 36, pp. 41–45. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-6632.20190361s20170527
Gharabaghi, M., Separation of nickel and zinc ions in a synthetic acidic solution by solvent extraction using D2EHPA and Cyanex 272, Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process., 2013, vol. 1, no. 49, pp. 233–242. https://doi.org/10.5277/ppmp130121
Adamczuk, A., Equilibrium, thermodynamic and kinetic studies on removal of chromium, copper, zinc and arsenic from aqueous solutions onto fly ash coated by chitosan, Chem. Eng. J., 2015, vol. 274, pp. 200–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.03.088
Sarri, S., Misaelides, P., Zamboulis, D., and Warchoł, J., Boron removal from aqueous solutions by a polyethy-lenimine–epichlorohydrin resin, Environ. Chem., 2018, vol. 83, no. 2, pp. 251–264. https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC170704114S
Umanskii, A.B. and Klyushnikov, A.M., Recovery of nickel from hydrate pulps at amino carboxylic cationites, Russ. J. Non-Ferrous Met., 2013, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 148–150. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1067821213020156
Khoroshilov, V.V. and Ivanov, P.I., Study of the process of extraction of boric acid with tributyl phosphate, Usp. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 2015, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 59–61.
Vinogradov, E.E., Kuliev, A.A., Lepeshkov, I.N., and Lyzhina, L.D., Extraction of boric acid with a mixture of aliphatic alcohols C7-C9 from chlorine-magnesium aqueous solutions, Zh. Neorg. Khim., 1978, vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 2774–2778.
Zhang, R., Xie, Y., Song, J., Xing, L., and Kong, D., Extraction of boron from salt lake brine using 2-ethylhexanol, Hydrometallurgy, 2016, vol. 160, pp. 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2016.01.001
Rhamdani, A.R., Lalasari, L.H., Firdiyono, F., and Fatrozi, S., Boron extraction from bittern using 1-octanol, AIP Conf. Proc., 2020, vol. 2232, article no. 040006. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0001727
Tural, B., Tural, S., and Hosëgëoren, H., Investigation of some 1,3-diols for the requirements of solvent extraction of boron: 2,2,6-trimethyl-1,3 heptanediol as a potential boron extractant, Turk. J. Chem., 2007, vol. 31, pp. 163–170.
Ivanov, P.I. and Kurbatova, M.V., The structure of the organic complex “Boric acid-carboxylic acid-trioctylamine” in the extraction system for the separation of boron isotopes, Usp. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 2017, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 89–91.
Flett, D.S., Solvent extraction in hydrometallurgy: The role of organophosphorus extractants, J. Organomet. Chem., 2005, vol. 609, pp. 2426–2438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2004.11.037
Kulova, T.L. and Skundin, A.M., From lithium-ion to sodium-ion batteries, Elektrokhim. Energ., 2016, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 122–150.
Lakeev, S.N., Davydova, O.V., Gimranova, G.G., and Fedorova, A.A., Research of the chemical composition and possible ways for using the stillage bottoms of rectification 2-ethylhexanol, Neftegazov. Delo, 2012, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 165–168.
Kasikov, A.G. and Dyakova, L.V., Use of a by-product of 2-ethylhexanol production as a modifier of extraction mixtures and an extractant of boric acid, Materialy Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem “Resursnosberegayushchie i ekologobezopasnye protsessy v khimii i khimicheskoi tekhnologii” (g. Perm’, 6–8 dekabrya 2021 g.) (Proc. All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with International Participation “Resource-Saving and Environmentally Friendly Processes in the Chemistry and Chemical Technology” (Perm, December 6–8, 2021), Perm: Perm State National Research Univ., 2021.
Darvishi, D., Haghshenas, D.F., Alamdari, E.K., Sadrnezhaad, S.K., and Halali, M., Synergistic effect of Cyanex 272 and Cyanex 302 on separation of cobalt and nickel by D2EHPA, Hydrometallurgy, 2005, vol. 77, pp. 227–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2005.02.002
Feather, A., Bouwer, W., Swarts, A., and Nagel, V., Pilot-plant solvent extraction of cobalt and nickel for Avmin’s Nkomati project, Proc. Int. Solvent Extraction Conference—ISEC 2002, Johannesburg: South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2002, pp. 946–951.
Ritcey, G.M. and Ashbrook, A.W., Solvent Extraction: Principles and Applications to Process Metallurgy, Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publ. Co., 1984.
Kursunoglu, S., Ichlas, Z., and Kaya, M., Solvent extraction process for the recovery of nickel and cobalt from Caldag laterite leach solution: The first bench scale study, Hydrometallurgy, 2017, vol. 169, pp. 135–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2017.01.001
Guimarães, A.S. and Mansur, M.B., Solvent extraction of calcium and magnesium from concentrate nickel sulfate solutions using D2HEPA and Cyanex 272 extractants, Hydrometallurgy, 2017, vol. 173, pp. 91–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2017.08.005
Mayhew, K.E., McCoy, T.M., Jones, D.L., and Barnard, K.R., Kinetic separation of Co from Ni, Mg, Mn, and Ca via synergistic solvent extraction, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 2011, vol. 29, nos. 5–6, pp. 755–781. https://doi.org/10.1080/07366299.2011.595628
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Translated by P. Kuchina
About this article
Cite this article
Dyakova, L.V., Kasikov, A.G. & Jeleznova, M.V. The Use of Liquid Extraction for the Purification of Solutions from the Nickel Production of JSC Kola MMC from Impurities. Russ. J. Non-ferrous Metals 63, 256–262 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1067821222030051
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1067821222030051