Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Structure and Properties of EP741NP Heat-Resistant Nickel Alloy Produced by Selective Laser Melting

  • PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND HEAT TREATMENT
  • Published:
Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The structure of EP741NP alloy samples produced by selective laser melting (SLM) in various technological modes, with various types of defects (the volume fraction of which varies from 0.31 to 0.65%), is investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopy; the mechanical characteristics of the samples are determined by tensile tests. All investigated SLM samples are typified by low strength characteristics, which is associated with the formation of a metastable single-phase structure, as well as with the presence of structural defects in the form of cracks. To improve the mechanical properties, the postprocessing of various types is carried out, including hot isostatic pressing (HIP); the heat treatment (HT) of the “quenching + ageing” type; and complex processing, which combines HIP and HT. According to the research results, the influence of various types of postprocessing on the microstructure and properties of SLM samples is determined. It is established that the use of HIP contributes to a decrease in porosity down to 0.04 vol %, the recrystallization of the structure, and the precipitation of the strengthening intermetallic phase based on Ni3Al (γ' phase) in the form of large particles of different sizes that create agglomerates. HT leads to the recrystallization of the structure and the precipitation of the finely dispersed γ' phase, which is uniformly distributed in the alloy matrix. In this case, the strength characteristics of the samples after HIP and HT are approximately on the same level (σu ~ 1250–1290 MPa); however, the ductility of the samples after HT is significantly lower, which is associated with the retention of defects in the structure in the form of cracks and large pores. The maximum increase in mechanical characteristics (σu of up to 1460 MPa and δ of up to 21.3%) is recorded during the complex postprocessing (HIP + HT), which ensures the elimination of defects and the formation of an optimal alloy structure.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Logunov, A.V., Zharoprochnye nikelevye splavy dlya lopatok i diskov gazovykh turbin (Heat-Resistant Nickel Alloys for Gas Turbine Blades and Discs), Rybinsk: Gazoturbinnye tekhnologii, 2017.

  2. Pollock, T.M. and Tin, S., Nickel-based superalloys for advanced turbine engines: chemistry, microstructure and properties, J. Propul. Power, 2006, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 361–374. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.18239

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Logunov, A.V. and Shmotin, Yu.N., Sovremennye zharoprochnye nikelevye splavy dlya diskov gazovykh turbin (materialy i tekhnologii) (Modern Heat-Resistant Nickel Alloys for Gas Turbine Disks (Materials and Technologies)), Moscow: Nauka i Tekhnologii, 2013.

  4. Akhtar, W., Sun, J., Sun, P., Chen, W., and Saleem, Z., Tool wear mechanisms in the machining of nickel based super-alloys: A review, Front. Mech. Eng., 2004, vol. 9, pp. 106–119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-014-0301-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ezugwu, E.O., Bonney, J., and Yamane, Y., An overview of the machinability of aeroengine alloys, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2003, vol. 134, no. 2, pp. 233–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(02)01042-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. McTiernan, B.J., Powder metallurgy superalloys, in Powder Metallurgy. Handbook, Materials Park, OH: ASM Int., 2015, vol. 7, pp. 682–702. https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006094

    Book  Google Scholar 

  7. Garibov, G.S., Domestic granular materials for gas turbine technologies, Tekhnol. Legk. Splavov, 2018, no. 4, pp. 24–27.

  8. Garibov, G.S., Prospects for the development of domestic disc granulated heat-resistant nickel alloys for new samples of aviation technology, Tekhnol. Legk. Splavov, 2017, no. 1, pp. 7–28.

  9. Razuvaev, E.I., Bubnov, M.V., Bakradze, M.M., and Sidorov, S.A., HIP and deformation of granular heat-resistant nickel alloys, Aviats. Mater. Tekhnol., 2016, no. S1 (43), pp. 80–86. https://doi.org/10.18577/2071-9140-2016-0-S1-80-86

  10. Bassini, E., Vola, V., Lorusso, M., Ghisleni, R., Lombardi, M., Biamino, S., Ugues, D., Vallillo, G., and Picqué, B., Net shape HIPping of Ni-superalloy: Study of the interface between the capsule and the alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2017, vol. 695, pp. 55–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.04.016

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bai, Q., Lin, J., Tian, G., Zou, J., and Dean, T.A., Review and analysis of powder prior boundary (ppb) formation in powder metallurgy processes for nickel-based super alloys, J. Powder Metall. Min., 2015, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 1000127. https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9806.1000127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Logacheva, A.I., Sentyurina, Zh.A., and Logachev, I.A., Additive technologies for the production of critical products from metals and alloys (review), Perspekt. Mater., 2015, no. 4, pp. 5–16.

  13. Zlenko, M.A., Popovich, A.A., and Mutylina, I.N., Additivnye tekhnologii v mashinostroenii (Additive Technologies for Mechanical Engineering), St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State Univ., 2013.

  14. Froes, F. and Boyer, R., Additive Manufacturing for the Aerospace Industry, Elsevier, 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Frazier, W.E., Metal additive manufacturing: A review, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2014, vol. 23, pp. 1917–1928. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-014-0958-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Tao, P., Li, H., Huang, B., Hu, Q., Gong, S., and Xu, Q., The crystal growth, intercellular spacing and microsegregation of selective laser melted Inconel 718 superalloy, Vacuum, 2019, vol. 159, pp. 382–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.10.074

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Li, X., Shi, J.J., Wang, C.H., Cao, G.H., Russell, A.M., Zhou, Z.J., Li, C.P., and Chen, G.F., Effect of heat treatment on microstructure evolution of Inconel 718 alloy 21 fabricated by selective laser melting, J. Alloys Compd., 2018, vol. 764, pp. 639–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.06.112

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Attallah, M.M., Jennings, R., Wang, X., and Carter, L.N., Additive manufacturing of Ni-based superalloys: The outstanding issues, MRS Bull., 2016, vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 758–764. https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2016.211

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Qiu, C., Chen, H., Liu, Q., Yue, S., and Wang, H., On the solidification behaviour and cracking origin of a nickel-based superalloy during selective laser melting, Mater. Charact., 2019, vol. 148, pp. 330–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2018.12.032

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Zhang, B., Li, Y., and Bai, Q., Defect formation mechanisms in selective laser melting: a review, Chin. J. Mech. Eng., 2017, vol. 30, pp. 515–527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10033-017-0121-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Yamashita, Y., Murakami, T., Mihara, R., Okada, M., and Murakami, Y., Defect analysis and fatigue design basis for Ni-based superalloy 718 manufactured by selective laser melting, Int. J. Fatigue, 2018, vol. 117, pp. 485–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2018.08.002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Liu, P., Hu, J., Sun, S., Feng, K., Zhang, Y., and Cao, M., Microstructural evolution and phase transformation of Inconel 718 alloys fabricated by selective laser melting under different heat treatment, J. Manuf. Processes, 2019, vol. 39, pp. 226–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.02.029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Han, Q., Mertens, R., Montero-Sistiaga, M.L., Yang, S., Setchi, R., Vanmeensel, K., Hooreweder, B.V., Evans, S.L., and Fan, H., Laser powder bed fusion of Hastelloy X: Effects of hot isostatic pressing and the hot cracking mechanism, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2018, vol. 732, pp. 228–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.07.008

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Li, J., Zhao, Z., Bai, P., Qu, H., Liu, B., Li, L., Wu, L., Guan, R., Liu, H., and Guo, Z., Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of IN718 alloy fabricated by selective laser melting following different heat treatments, J. Alloys Compd., 2019, vol. 772, pp. 861–870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.09.200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Garibov, G.S., Crystallization theory and technology of granulated heat-resistant nickel alloys, Tekhnol. Legk. Splavov, 2016, no. 1, pp. 107–118.

  26. Garibov, G.S., Scientific and technical groundwork in the field of granular metallurgy for the creation of advanced aircraft engines, Tekhnol. Legk. Splavov, 2018, no. 2, pp. 63–71.

  27. Sentyurina, Zh.A., Baskov, F.A., Loginov, P.A., Kaplanskii, Yu.Yu., Mishukov, A.V., Logachev, I.A., Bychkova, M.Ya., Levashov, E.A., and Logacheva, A.I., The effect of hot isostatic pressing and heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of EP741NP nickel alloy manufactured by laser powder bed fusion, Addit. Manuf., 2021, vol. 37, p. 101629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101629

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Moussaoui, K., Rubio, W., Mousseigne, M., Sultan, T., and Rezai, F., Effects of selective laser melting additive manufacturing parameters of Inconel 718 on porosity, microstructure and mechanical properties, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2018, vol. 735, pp. 182–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.08.037

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Wan, H.Y., Zhou, Z.J., Li, C.P., Chen, G.F., and Zhang, G.P., Effect of scanning strategy on grain structure and crystallographic texture of Inconel 718 processed by selective laser melting, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2018, vol. 34, pp. 1799–1804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2018.02.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Chen, Z., Chen, S., Wei, Z., Zhang, L., Wei, P., Lu, B., Zhang, S., and Xiang, Y., Anisotropy of nickel-based superalloy K418 fabricated by selective laser melting, Prog. Nat. Sci.: Mater. Int., 2018, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 496–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2018.07.001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Peng, H., Shi, Y., Gong, S., Guo, H., and Chen, B., Microstructure, mechanical properties and cracking behaviour in a γ′-precipitation strengthened nickel-base superalloy fabricated by electron beam melting, Mater. Des., 2018, vol. 159, pp. 155–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.08.054

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 19-79-10226).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    F. A. Baskov & M. Ya. Bychkova

  2. AO Kompozit, 141070, Korolev, Moscow oblast, Russia

    Zh. A. Sentyurina, I. A. Logachev & A. I. Logacheva

Authors
  1. F. A. Baskov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zh. A. Sentyurina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. I. A. Logachev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. Ya. Bychkova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. A. I. Logacheva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to F. A. Baskov.

Ethics declarations

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Translated by M. Samokhina

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Baskov, F.A., Sentyurina, Z.A., Logachev, I.A. et al. Structure and Properties of EP741NP Heat-Resistant Nickel Alloy Produced by Selective Laser Melting. Russ. J. Non-ferrous Metals 62, 302–310 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1067821221030032

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1067821221030032

Keywords:

Search

Navigation