Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

High Sensibility Optical Methane Sensor Based on Insertion of Cryptophane-E Cavity in 1D Photonic Crystal

  • Published:
Optical Memory and Neural Networks Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, we proposed a miniaturized, simple, highly sensitive, and high-precision gas sensor for the measurement of concentration of methane. This gas sensor is based on the inclusion of a cryptophane-E cavity in a one-dimensional perfect photonic crystal (PC) composed by alternating layers of Silicon (Si) and Air. The detection principle of this sensor based on the variation of the refractive index (RI) of cryptophane E due to a change in the concentration of methane which induces a shift in resonant wavelength of the cavity (cavity states) in the band gaps, allowing precision and efficient measurement of methane concentration. The band structure and the transmission spectrum are both calculated by the Green function method (GFM). Numerous geometrical and physical parameters like the thickness of the cavity layer and the concentration of methane gas are properly optimized to envisage high sensing performances. The numerical results show that the photonic cavity state (defect mode), which appears in the band gap, is caused by the infiltration of methane into the cryptophane E middle layer. This cavity state can be used for detection purposes in environmental monitoring. The cavity state wavelength is sensitive to the cryptophane E-methane mixture and a variation in the refractive index as ∆n = 10–3 can be detected. The limit of detection value of the proposed sensor is approximately 10–3 refractive index unit, which is very low, as is always expected for chemical sensing designs. This system could be employed for monitoring in the environmental field, for detection of dangerous and/or air polluting gas concentrations, and for liquid analysis with excellent performance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 9.
Fig. 10.
Fig. 11.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Yablonovitch, E., Inhibited spontaneous emission in solid-state physics and electronics, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1987, vol. 58, no. 20, p. 2059.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. John, S., Strong localization of photons in certain disordered dielectric superlattices, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1987, vol. 58, no. 23, p. 2486.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Fan, S., Villeneuve, P.R., Joannopoulos, J.D., and Haus, H.A., Channel drop tunneling through localized states, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1998, vol. 80, no. 5, p. 960.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Noda, S., Chutinan, A., and Imada, M., Trapping and emission of photons by a single defect in a photonic bandgap structure, Nature, 2000, vol. 407, no. 6804, pp. 608–610.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Notomi, M., Strong light confinement with periodicity, Proc. IEEE, 2011, vol. 99, no. 10, pp. 1768–1779.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Assefa, S., McNab, S.J., and Vlasov, Y.A., Transmission of slow light through photonic crystal waveguide bends, Opt. Lett., 2006, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 745–747.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Soljačić, M., Johnson, S.G., Fan, S., Ibanescu, M., Ippen, E., and Joannopoulos, J.D., Photonic-crystal slow-light enhancement of nonlinear phase sensitivity, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 2002, vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 2052–2059.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Painter, O., Lee, R.K., Scherer, A., Yariv, A., O’brien, J.D., Dapkus, P.D., and Kim, I., Two-dimensional photonic band-gap defect mode laser, Science, 1999, vol. 284, no. 5421, pp. 1819–1821.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Lee, M. and Fauchet, P.M., Two-dimensional silicon photonic crystal based biosensing platform for protein detection, Opt. Express, 2007, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 4530–4535.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Shankaran, D.R., Gobi, K.V., and Miura, N., Recent advancements in surface plasmon resonance immunosensors for detection of small molecules of biomedical, food and environmental interest, Sens. Actuators, B, 2007, vol. 121, no. 1, pp. 158–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Borisov, S.M. and Wolfbeis, O.S., Optical biosensors, Chem. Rev., 2008, vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 423–461.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Long, F., Zhu, A., and Shi, H., Recent advances in optical biosensors for environmental monitoring and early warning, Sensors, 2013, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 13928–13948.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Vial, L. and Dumy, P., Artificial enzyme-based biosensors, New J. Chem., 2009, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 939–946.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Luckham, R.E. and Brennan, J.D., Bioactive paper dipstick sensors for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors based on sol–gel/enzyme/gold nanoparticle composites, Analyst, 2010, vol. 135, no. 8, pp. 2028–2035.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Lee, B., Review of the present status of optical fiber sensors, Opt. Fiber Technol., 2003, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 57–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Rahmat, M., Maulina, W., Rustami, E., Azis, M., Budiarti, D.R., Seminar, K.B., Yuwonoc, A.S., and Alatasb, H., Performance in real condition of photonic crystal sensor based NO2 gas monitoring system, Atmos. Environ., 2013, vol. 79, pp. 480–485.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Ashurov, M., Gorelik, V., Napolskii, K., and Klimonsky, S., Anodic alumina photonic crystals as refractive index sensors for controlling the composition of liquid mixtures, Photonic Sens., 2020, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 147–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Chang, Y.H., Jhu, Y.Y., and Wu, C.J., Temperature dependence of defect mode in a defective photonic crystal, Opt. Commun., 2012, vol. 285, no. 6, pp. 1501–1504.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Lu, T.W. and Lee, P.T., Ultra-high sensitivity optical stress sensor based on double-layered photonic crystal microcavity, Opt. Express, 2009, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 1518–1526.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Liu, Y. and Salemink, H.W.M., All-optical on-chip sensor for high refractive index sensing in photonic crystals, EPL (Europhys. Lett.), 2014, vol. 107, no. 3, p. 34008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Zheng, S., Zhu, Y., and Krishnaswamy, S., Fiber humidity sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity based on interior nanofilm-coated photonic crystal fiber long-period gratings, Sens. Actuators, B, 2013, vol. 176, pp. 264–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Gao, B., He, Z., He, B., and Gu, Z., Wearable eye health monitoring sensors based on peacock tail-inspired inverse opal carbon, Sens. Actuators, B, 2019, vol. 288, pp. 734–741.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Iwata, H. and Okada, K., Greenhouse gas emissions and the role of the Kyoto Protocol, Environ. Econ. Policy Stud., 2014, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 325–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Yang, J., Xu, L., and Chen, W., An optical fiber methane gas sensing film sensor based on core diameter mismatch, Chin. Opt. Lett., 2010, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 482–484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Dobrzynski, L., Interface response theory of continuous composite systems, Surf. Sci. Rep., 1990, vol. 11, no. 5–6, pp. 139–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Errouas, Y., Ben-Ali, Y., El kadmiri, I., Tahri, Z., and Bria, D., Propagation of electromagnetic waves in one dimensional symmetric and asymmetric Comb-like photonic structure containing defects, Mater. Today: Proc., 2020, vol. 31, pp. S16–S23.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Ben-Ali, Y., Tahri, Z., Bouzidi, A., Jeffali, F., Bria, D., Azizi, M. Khettabi, A., and Nougaoui, A., Propagation of electromagnetic waves in a one-dimensional photonic crystal containing two defects, Mater. Environ. Sci., 2017, vol. 8, pp. 870–876.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Ben-Ali, Y., Elamri, F.Z., Ouariach, A., Falyouni, F., Tahri, Z., and Bria, D., A high sensitivity hydrostatic pressure and temperature based on a defective 1D photonic crystal, Electromagn. Waves Appl., 2020, vol. 34, no. 15, pp. 2030–2050.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Ben-Ali, Y., El Kadmiri, I., Falyouni, F., Essahlaoui, A., and Bria, D., High sensibility optical water sensor using a one-dimensional defective photonic crystal, Opt. Mem. Neural Networks, 2021, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 298–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Materials, Waves, Energy and Environment, Team of Acoustics, Photonics and Materials, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, 60050, Oujda, Morocco

    Y. Ben-Ali, I. El Kadmiri, Y. Errouas & D. Bria

  2. Engineering Sciences Laboratory (LSI), Multidisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, B.P. 1223, 35000, Taza Gare, Morocco

    Y. Ben-Ali & Z. Rahou

Authors
  1. Y. Ben-Ali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. I. El Kadmiri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Y. Errouas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Z. Rahou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. D. Bria
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Y. Ben-Ali.

Ethics declarations

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ben-Ali, Y., El Kadmiri, I., Errouas, Y. et al. High Sensibility Optical Methane Sensor Based on Insertion of Cryptophane-E Cavity in 1D Photonic Crystal. Opt. Mem. Neural Networks 31, 403–412 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1060992X22040063

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1060992X22040063

Keywords:

Search

Navigation