Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Routes to polymer-based photonics

  • Published:
Optical Memory and Neural Networks Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The advances in polymer materials and technologies for telecom applications are reported. The polymers include new highly halogenated acrylates, which possess absorption losses less than 0.25 dB/cm and refractive indices ranging from 1.3 to 1.5 in the 1.5 μm wavelength region. The halogenated liquid monomers are highly intermixable, photocurable under UV exposure and exhibit high contrast in polymerization.

The polymer technologies developed at the Institute on Laser and Information Technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ILIT RAS) include:

  • UV contact lithography permitting creation of single-mode polymer waveguides and waveguide arrays

  • submicron printing for fabricating corrugated waveguides and polymer phase masks

  • UV laser holography for writing refractive index gratings in polymer materials.

The technology for fabricating narrowband Bragg filters on the basis of single-mode polymer waveguides with laser-induced submicron index gratings is presented in detail. The filters possess narrowband reflection/transmission spectra in the 1.5 μm telecom wavelength region of 0.2–2.7 nm width, nearly rectangular shape of the stopband, reflectivity R > 99% and negligible radiation losses. They can be used for multiplexing/demultiplexing optical signals in high-speed DWDM fiber networks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Erdogan, T., Fiber Grating Spectra, J. Lightwave Technol., 1997, vol. 15, pp. 1277–1294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Sorin, W.V., Zorabedian, P., and Newton, S.A., J. Lightwave Technol., 1987, vol. 5, p. 1199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Andreev, A., Zafirova, B., Panajotov, K., and Koprinarova, J., J. Modern Optics, 1996, vol. 43, p. 1111.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Sokolov, V.I. and Khudobenko, A.I., Narrow-Band Bragg Filters for 1.5-μm Spectral Region Based on Polished-Side Single-Mode Silica Fibres, Quantum Electron., 2003, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 545–546.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Eldada, L. and Shacklette, L.W., Advances in Polymer Integrated Optics, IEEE J. Selected Top. Quantum Electron., 2000, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 54–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Wang, W.C., Fisher, M., Yacoubian, A., and Menders, J., Phase-Shifted Bragg Grating Filters in Polymer Waveguides, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., 2003, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 548–550.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Wong, V.V., Ferrera, J., Damask, J.N., Murphy, T.E., Smith, H.I., and Haus, H.A., Distributed Bragg Grating Integrated-Optical Filters: Synthesis and Fabrication, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 1995, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 2859–2864.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Rodriguez, M.A., Malcuit, M.S., and Butler, J.J., Transmission Properties of Refractive Index-Shifted Bragg Gratings, Optics Commun., 2000, vol. 177, pp. 251–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Zhu, L., Huang, Y., Green, W.M.J., and Yariv, A., Polymeric Multi-channel Bandpass Filters in Phase-Shifted Bragg Waveguide Gratings by Direct Electron Beam Writing, Optics Express, 2004, vol. 12, no. 25, pp. 6372–6376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Zou, H., Beeson, K.W., and Shacklette, L.W., Tunable Planar Polymer Bragg Gratings Having Exceptionally Low Polarization Sensitivity, J. Lightwave Technol., 2003, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 1083–1088.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kogelnik, H., Filter Response of Nonuniform Almost-Periodic Structures, The Bell System Technical Journal, 1976, vol. 55, pp. 109–126.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Eldada, L., Blomquist, R., Shacklette, L.W., and McFarland, M.J., High-Performance Polymeric Componentry for Telecom and Datacom Applications, Optical Eng., 2000, vol. 39, pp. 596–609.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Agrawal, G.P. and Radic, S., Phase-Shifted Fiber Bragg Gratings and Their Application for Wavelength Demultiplexing, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., 1994, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 995–997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Seminogov, V.N., Sokolov, V.I., and Panchenko, V.Ya., Exact Solutions to the Problem of the Wave Diffraction from a Bragg Grating with an Apodized Asymmetric, Symmetric or Antisymmetric Coupling Factor, J. Commun. Technol. Electron., 2006, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 78–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Zhou, M., Low-Loss Polymeric Materials for Passive Waveguide Components in Fiber Optical Telecommunication, Optical Eng., 2002, vol. 41, no. 7, pp. 1631–1643.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Groh, W., Overtone Absorption in Macromolecules for Polymer Optical Fibers, Macromol. Chem., 1998, vol. 189, pp. 2861–2874.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Seminogov, V.N., Khudobenko, A.I., Panchenko, V.Ya., and Sokolov, V.I., New Concept of Single-Mode Resonator for Distributed Feedback Semiconductor and Fiber Lasers, Proc. SPIE, 1995, vol. 2382, pp. 224–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute on Laser and Information Technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Sviatoozerskaya 1, Shatura, Moscow oblast, 140700, Russia

    V. I. Sokolov, G. V. Mishakov, V. Ya. Panchenko & M. Yu. Tsvetkov

Authors
  1. V. I. Sokolov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. G. V. Mishakov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. V. Ya. Panchenko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. Yu. Tsvetkov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

The text was submitted by the authors in English.

About this article

Cite this article

Sokolov, V.I., Mishakov, G.V., Panchenko, V.Y. et al. Routes to polymer-based photonics. Opt. Mem. Neural Networks 16, 67–74 (2007). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1060992X07020026

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1060992X07020026

Keywords

Search

Navigation